BirdsCaribbean switched into top gear for 2023. With a lot of ground to cover, we were quickly up and running! Here are some of the highlights of the year…
Focus on one adorable but elusive waterbird…
Our Caribbean Waterbird Census (CWC) region-wide count, from January 14 to February 3 2023, included an ‘added’ Caribbean-wide Piping Plover survey. This species is listed as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN with an estimated global breeding population of just 8,400 birds. The search was enhanced by beautiful graphics and merchandise by Josmar Esteban Marquez. Sightings were tracked live and plotted on a map. During the survey, these attractive but vulnerable birds were spotted in The Bahamas (a great success!), the British Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. Word of our search spread far and wide and we also received sightings from the Caribbean coast of Mexico! Please continue to keep a sharp eye open for these small, round birds, which are often seen in small flocks on sand flats and might also be found in mangroves, mudflats, and other shoreline areas.
Just how do you spot those easily camouflaged, tiny plovers? Graphics from Josmar Esteban Marquez shared all the tips!
click to download as a pdf
During CWC 2023, an abundance of waterbirds were spotted across the region by diligent birders, young and old, as they kept their eyes peeled for the elusive Plover! Some of the wonderful waterbirds seen on our 2023 census included a white-morph Great Blue Heron on Bonaire (a rare sight outside Florida and Cuba); a diverse gathering of shorebirds on Cuba (including Dunlins, Sanderlings, Short-billed Dowitchers, Least and Western Sandpipers, Semipalmated and Wilson’s Plovers and many others); and and some ducks enjoying some winter sun on Jamaica (including Green-winged Teals, Ring-necked Ducks, and Lesser Scaups).
Looking for landbirds…
After the volcanic eruption of April, 2021, St. Vincent’s landbirds, especially two vulnerable endemic species, the threatened St. Vincent Parrot, and endangered Whistling Warbler, faced new dangers—both in the short and long term. We thought it fitting to continue building the capacity of Caribbean conservationists to identify and monitor landbirds using standardized survey protocols.
Thanks to funding from theCritical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and BirdsCaribbean members, partners and donors, we organized a Landbird Monitoring Workshop on St. Vincent with 24 participants, including from neighboring islands(Grenada, St. Lucia, and Montserrat).
Demonica and Bob Davies digging the hole for the base of the tower at the Lucayan National Park. (Photo by Maya Wilson)
Bob and Maya constructing the base frame. (Photo by Demonica Brown)
Demonica Brown and Maya Wilson assemble the Motus antenna. (photo by Lisa Sorenson)
Cesar and Todd attaching the antenna to the Motus tower at the Lucayan National Park. (Photo by Maya Wilson)
Grand Bahama Motus Installation team: Lisa Sorenson, Todd Alleger, Bradley Pinder, Cesar Montero, Maya Wilson, Demonica Brown and, David Cooper. (photo by Lisa Sorenson)
Maya and Todd checking cables. (Photo by Lisa Sorenson)
We were out and about again! Celebrating our beautiful endemics
Did you know we now have 180 endemic birds in the Caribbean region? And we celebrated these one-of-a-kind birds during our Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) from April 22 to May 22, 2023—with a special emphasis on water conservation. What would our birds (and we humans) do without water? With the increased heat (it was a very hot summer) we may have seen our birds drinking at bird baths—they get thirsty like we do! With the climate change crisis pressing on us, this was a very important theme to emphasize, and our partners across the region took it on enthusiastically.
Information about the festival and endemic birds of Cuba was shared via radio interviews.
Birding along L’Anse Aux Epines road, Grenada. (Photo by Gaea Conservation Network)
Students help plant native trees for birds and other wildlife at the National Botanical Garden.
Children and ARC Conservation members wear their hand crafted masks.
A young girl plays a bird game during the CEBF festivities as a member of the Luis-Munos Marin Foundation looks on. (Photo by Eliezer Nieves Rodriguez)
A Conservation Opportunity member sensitises participants about the threats posed by marine pollution. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
Jamaican Mango, perched. (Photo by Clive Daelman)
Felix Raul Figueroa, photographer and member of Grupo Ecología de Aves, looks on as students from Ciénaga de Zapata color the Cuban Parrot. (Photo by Grupo de Ecología de Aves)
Ashy-faced Owl, Dominican Republic. (Photo by Jay McGowan- Macaulay Library-ML162362421)
Yaritza Bobonis with Lola the Puerto Rican Parrot mascot. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
In 2023, the CEBF once again hosted in-person events and the response was tremendous—over 10,000 persons participated from The Bahamas down to Trinidad and Tobago! Our citizen scientists of all ages were out in numbers, with mangrove explorations, BirdSleuth Caribbean’s learning activities, school visits, habitat cleanups, art workshops, a birding for kids excursion, and even a floating classroom field trip!
On the Caribbean Birding Trail in Turks and Caicos
As the year-end drew closer, discovery, learning, and empowerment were words that came to mind during the Caribbean Birding Trail (CBT) Interpretive Guide Training Workshop in Turks and Caicos Islands, which took place from October 23 to 27, 2023. Twenty-four participants were trained in the Islands’ beautifully unique environment during an intensive five-day workshop. The trail now includes 138 birding sites and ten hotels and eco-lodges in 24 countries—all combining amazing birding experiences with learning and information on ecosystems, cultural and natural heritage, and more.
Beny leads the group along the Bird Rock Point Trail. Several field trips throughout the week allowed participants to get acquainted with TCI’s best birding sites! (Photo by Christel Mohammed)
Tangles of red mangrove prop roots at Wheeland Pond. This extensive wetland is a haven for birdlife and a true shorebirder’s delight!
Flamingo Pond is a must-visit spot for American Flamingo lovers! Depending on the time of the year, flocks at this wetland on North Caicos can number in the thousands!
Class is in session! 24 participants from a range of backgrounds formed our CBT TCI cohort.
Ecotour guide and participant Geneile Robinson thumbs through her Birds of the West Indies field guide while distinguishing between waterbirds!
Lisa gives the class one of the toughest pop quizzes of all! How many different species of shorebirds are in the picture?
Participant and Biology teacher Amanda Brittain consults her Seabirds of the Caribbean card for gull ID support.
Rick’s demonstration of an interpretive talk where he played the role of a hammock salesman was so transportive that the class was convinced that he really was trying to hawk them hammocks for a while!
This was our seventh CBT training. We are deeply thankful to our Turks and Caicos sponsors—the Sandals Foundation, the Turks and Caicos National Trust, Darwin Plus Initiative, the Turks and Caicos Department of Environment and Coastal Resources, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Marshall Reynolds Foundation, Shika Shika, and Vortex Optics.
Bonding over Bird Banding! Workshop #2 in the Dominican Republic
Bird banding is an essential component of birding science worldwide. It is a complex and technical issue that requires longer training sessions. We returned to the Dominican Republic again in March of last year (the location of this year’s International Conference), continuing our work of nurturing a committed community of trained banders. The response from our highly intelligent group of trainees was enthusiastic.
Participants learned to set up and close mist nets during the workshop. (Photo by Josh Covill)
Participants at the banding workshop, earlier this year, in the Dominican Republic. (Photo by Joshua Covill)
Daniela Ventura del Puerto (Cuba) provides instruction on bird molt to workshop participants Giselle Raganoonan (Trinidad) and Elvin Manual Vargas Estevez (Dominican Republic).
Caribbean bird banders have gone abroad!
We sent some of our bird banders off to the United States and Brazil for immersive banding experiences. The interns reported back to us (Grenadian Zoya Buckmire at Klamath Bird Observatory in Oregon, Puerto Rican Dayamiris Candelario at Willistown Conservation Trust in Pennsylvania) on their exploration of new landscapes, new ecosystems—and, of course, new birds! We would like to thank all our partner organizations and generous donors who supported these internships. Once again, we were happy to add new dimensions to our young trainees’ experiences, so they may return to their countries to establish new programs and projects. Empowerment is key!
Seabirds under pressure
Despite a range of challenges, our dynamic Seabird Working Group has been addressing the critical state of Caribbean seabirds for some time now. The first-ever Caribbean-wide Seabird Census is ongoing, for 2023 and 2024. Over 300,000 pairs of breeding seabirds have already been counted at over 58 sites! Caribbean seabirds, like those in other areas of the world, are threatened by human activities—including pollution (especially plastics), climate change, invasive species, and unsustainable fishing practices. The Census continues! Please contribute your thoughts and findings, watch the webinar updates, and follow the admirable work of our Seabird Working Group this year!
Map 1: Countries participating in the Caribbean Seabird Census. Note that for large countries, the whole country is colored even though only a few localized sites may be censused.
Juliana Coffey identifying seabirds with seabird patrol volunteers, Union Island. (Alison DeGraff Ollivierre)
Grenadines Guardians seabird survey. (Photo by Juliana Coffey)
Magnificent Frigatebird nesting colony. (Photo: Jeff Gerbracht)
Masked Booby adult and chick. (Photo by Ann Sutton)
More direct funding for research and conservation work!
From combating the illegal bird trade in Cuba, to surveys of our most endangered endemic Caribbean hawk in Haiti, thanks to our grant awards, 10 innovative new projects are helping us to protect and learn more about the region’s understudied birds and habitats! Stay tuned for our upcoming blogs sharing exciting project results and accomplishments.
Have we forgotten something? Oh, yes…
Last but by no means least, Global Big Day 2023 was another huge success, with increased numbers of Caribbean birders participating. Our region saw more birds (a total of 515 species) and more humans (511 posting on eBird) than on any other Global Big Day. Once again, competition among our teams was heated—and once again, our Executive Director Lisa Sorenson’s multinational “Flying Pintails” dominated! Hmmm…
NOTE: Please remember to record ALL your bird sightings, whether in your backyard or out on a birding excursion, on eBird Caribbeanvia their website or phone app. Your bird notes make a difference in helping scientists identify the “what, when, how many, and where” of our region’s birds!
Networking is key…
As you can see, building and strengthening networks across the region has always been a significant part of our work, and it was the same in 2023. Our network of scientists (including citizen scientists), students, educators, non-governmental and community organizations, as well as nature-friendly companies and government entities, continues to grow.
Talking birds: Justin Saunders lends a listening ear to a young birder. (Photo by Stuart Reeves)
Daniela and Elvin take a closer look at a bird’s wing while another participant John Holas looks on. (Photo by Josh Covill)
Yvan Satge discusses birds at sea with fishermen. (Photo by Jacob Gonzalez-Solis)
María Paulino hosts a group discussion with students at the National Botanical Garden.
Levardo, Estefania, and Junel discuss the finer points of binocular adjustment.
In addition to the Caribbean Bird Banding Network, the Caribbean Motus Collaboration, and the Caribbean Landbird Monitoring Network, we are also building a vibrant group of trained interpretive guides through the Caribbean Birding Trail. This person-to-person aspect of our work is important for knowledge-sharing, interaction, and “comparing notes” with each other. A great deal of teamwork goes into all these endeavors, as you can see from our reports. All of this creates a positive and nurturing environment. We have great faith in our newly-trained Caribbean citizens, who are both enthusiastic and action-oriented. They want to see progress and improvements for our wonderful birds and their habitats.
We look forward to keeping in touch with you all! Here’s to 2024!
A huge thank you to all of our members, partners, and donors. This work would not be possible without your dedication, passion, hard work, and financial support.
BirdsCaribbean is proud to coordinate the annual Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) along with many environmental and community organizations across the region. Today we look back on all the fun events celebrating the Caribbean’s iconic birds, being in nature, meeting new friends, and making water conservation an important part of our daily lives!
The Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) 2023 emphasized the importance of water conservation by shedding light on the crucial role of waterways and their surrounding watersheds in supporting our region’s unique bird populations and providing us with clean water.
We often see birds flying, preening, and feeding, but rarely do we see them drinking water. This does not mean that water is not important to birds. In fact, birds need water just as much as we do. Drinking water helps them regulate body processes like digestion. Water also keeps birds clean and cool on hot days when they take a splish-splash in a puddle, gutter, or backyard bird bath. Many birds also rely on wetland habitats, such as our ponds, salinas, marshes, mangroves, rivers, and coastal waters. With growing human populations and relentless development, there are growing demands for water and continued destruction of our remaining wetlands.
The 2023 CEBF marked a significant milestone in bird conservation efforts. After a challenging period of virtual celebrations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this spring we witnessed a massive return of in-person activities. Bird enthusiasts, nature lovers, conservation organizations, and local communities all came together to spread the urgent message that water conservation is vital for all life on earth, including birds, and to learn how to protect the habitats of the one-of-a-kind bird species that call the Caribbean home.
CEBF heads offline and into nature
Coordinators embraced the theme by focusing on water as an essential resource and raised awareness about conserving and sustainably managing water habitats. The interconnectedness of birds, water, and the broader ecosystem was celebrated and supported through birdwatching trips, habitat cleanups, bird fairs and many more activities.
“Water, a lifeblood of our birds, sustains not only their existence but also their habitats,” said Eduardo Llegus, co-regional coordinator of CEBF. “With over 700 bird species in the Caribbean relying on our water resources, it becomes clear that the preservation of these precious resources is essential for their survival. As we embrace theUN Decade (2021-2030) on Ecosystem Restoration, let us remember that protecting and reversing degradation of our water ecosystems is not just an obligation but a lifeline for our avian treasures and the biodiversity they represent, hence, a healthier ecosystem and a healthier people.”
CEBF events were highly interactive and captivated children, teens, and adults alike. Birdwatching allowed attendees to marvel at the beauty and diversity of endemic bird species in their natural habitats. These guided field trips also provided valuable insights into the ecological, economic and cultural importance of natural areas. Educational workshops and presentations deepened participants’ understanding of birds and their conservation needs. CEBF island coordinators educated participants about bird ecology and behavior, raised awareness of the multitude of threats they face, and inspired individuals to become advocates for bird conservation.
Celebrations across the region!
Jamaica
Birdlife Jamaica organized a “Bring a Child Birding” event in Kingston’s vibrant Hope Gardens. Approximately 50 participants, divided into smaller groups, enjoyed a thrilling two-hour tour spotting many birds, including exclusive Jamaican endemics. Despite the busyness of the garden, they all enjoyed the experience and we hope these budding birders continue to be encouraged to bird. More details from this event will be shared in an upcoming blog!
Birdlife Jamaica’s ‘Bring a Child Birding’ event flyer.
Justin Saunders of Birdlife Jamaica helps with bird identification at Hope Gardens. (Photo by Stuart Reeves)
Budding birders socializing and learning how to use binoculars. (Photo by Stuart Reeves)
Cuba
CEBF celebrations in Cuba were vast! An astounding 69 Cuban island coordinators executed a multitude of events across 12 (out of 15) provinces impacting over 5,000 people. This year we joyfully welcomed new Cuban birding clubs to the celebrations: Club Observadores de Aves de Artemisa, Club de Observadores de Aves de Granma, Proyecto comunitario Amiguitos de la Naturaleza, and Nativa Red de Microviveros. Cuban ornithologists Martín Acosta, Lourdes Mugica, and Karen Aguilar released a much-needed field guide, “Aves del Jardín Botánico Nacional” which documents the abundant bird life at Cuba’s National Botanic Garden. Children and teenagers were treated to bird puzzles, cartoons and other bird-centric games, and participated in habitat clean-ups and tree planting activities. Information about water conservation was shared through the local media.
Diorama of Parque Nacional San Felioe in Cuba. (Photo by Festival de las Aves Endémicas del Caribe)
The CEBF encourages sensory play through gardening too. A little boy plants a tree for birds at his school in Cuba. (Photo by Festival de las-Aves Endémicas del Caribe)
A participant with her beautiful flamingo sculpture. (Photo by Festival de las Aves Endémicas del Caribe)
Information about the festival and endemic birds of Cuba was shared via radio interviews.
Participants were also treated to a bird book display.
Felix Raul Figueroa, photographer and member of Grupo Ecología de Aves, looks on as students from Ciénaga de Zapata color the Cuban Parrot. (Photo by Grupo de Ecología de Aves)
Group photo of students and members of Club observadores de aves de Granma.
Two young girls plant trees in the Jardín Botánico Cupaynicú. (Photo by Club de observadores de aves de Granma)
Winners of the art competition pose with their prizes at the award ceremony in El Bongo Park. (Photo by Club observadores de aves de Granma)
Cuban CEBF Coordinators and members of Grupo de Ecología de Aves Universidad de La Habana.
Dominican Republic
Grupo Acción Ecológica, an environmental NGO in the Dominican Republic, hosted a tree planting event at the botanical garden to support birds and other wildlife. Students were also encouraged to tap into their creativity by painting bird masks and landscapes. The paintings gave students the opportunity to display their skills and also to voice their ideas of what healthy bird habitats should look like. One student explained, “I painted the sky and added a rainbow, the sun, clouds, water, trees, and birds, because birds need all these elements to live”.
Students help plant native trees for birds and other wildlife at the National Botanical Garden.
Grupo Acción Ecológica and students at the National Botanical Garden.
María Paulino of Grupo Acción Ecológica speaks to students about the endemic birds of the Dominican Republic.
María Paulino leads a birdwatching tour at the National Botanical Garden.
María Paulino hosts a group discussion with students at the National Botanical Garden.
Event coordinators included members of the Department of Environmental Education, the Seed Bank and Grupo Acción Ecológica.
Puerto Rico
In nearby Puerto Rico, Fundación Amigos del Yunque integrated birding and education to raise awareness among youth and local communities about the significance of the island’s endemic bird species and their interconnectedness with ecosystems, including the renowned El Yunque National Forest. Other Puerto Rican partners Coriecis, Conservation Opportunity, Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín, Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña Inc. (SOPI), SOPAS, and Organización Reverdece y Educa tu Comunidad, organized birdwatching, conferences, information booths, fairs, and coastal clean-ups. These events attracted the participation of teachers, students, parents and other volunteers.
Coriecis volunteers use their brand new Vortex binoculars during the bird census. (Photo by Coriecis)
A Conservation Opportunity member educates participants about the endemic birds of Puerto Rico. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
A Conservation Opportunity member sensitises participants about the threats posed by marine pollution. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
This newly installed sign encourages beach goers to keep their environment clean. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
How long are your ‘wings’? A member of Conservation Opportunity measures her arm length against a bird wingspan poster. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
The Conservation Opportunity cleanup crew. (Photo by Conservation Opportunity)
Eduardo Llegus talks about the effect of plastic pollution on human health. (Photo by Reverdece y Educa Tu Comunidad)
Youth making a sign at Colegio Ponceño.(Photo by Reverdece y Educa Tu Comunidad)
Birdwatching at Colegio Ponceño. (Photo by Reverdece y Educa Tu Comunidad)
Scaly-naped Pigeon-colored in by students. (Photo by Reverdece y Educa Tu Comunidad)
Members of Reverdece y Educa Tu Comunidad at the University of Puerto Rico Ponce Campus garden.
A young girl plays a bird game during the CEBF festivities as a member of the Luis-Munos Marin Foundation looks on. (Photo by Eliezer Nieves Rodriguez)
CEBF Coordinators from Luis-Munos Marin Foundation in Puerto Rico. (Photo by Eliezer Nieves Rodriguez)
Bird-centric scavenger hunt at El Yunque Forest. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
Hilda Morales shows participants how to identify birds. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
Votes cast for participants’ favourite Puerto Rican endemic bird activity. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
Yaritza Bobonis, coordinator from Fundación Amigos de El Yunque, welcomes participants to the CEBF event.
Yaritza Bobonis with Lola the Puerto Rican Parrot mascot. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
Bird nests on display at CEBF event at El Yunque Forest. (Photo by Fundación Amigos De El Yunque)
Antigua and Barbuda
Heading down to the Lesser Antilles, the Environmental Awareness Group (EAG) of Antigua and Barbuda hosted an immersive floating classroom field trip—a boat tour wound through critical mangrove and coral reef habitats, allowing participants to closely examine their structures and functions, before landing at Great Bird Island. There, participants equipped with binoculars identified the diverse range of land and seabirds that breed on the island, experiencing firsthand the importance of the offshore islands as wildlife havens. The objective was straightforward; reconnect participants with birds and nature, and hopefully, inspire them to make environmentally conscious decisions in their everyday lives.
Practice makes perfect! Students learn to use binoculars during the Floating Classroom field trip. (Photo by EAG)
Shanna Challenger-helps students spot and identify the birds of the Offshore Islands. (Photo by EAG)
Joshel Wilson speaks to students of St Anthony’s Secondary School about the Antiguan Racer on the Offshore Islands. (Photo by EAG)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Science Initiative for Environmental Conservation and Education (SCIENCE SVG) in St. Vincent and the Grenadines originally planned an outdoor community event at Sandy Bay with aid from a local organization. While unfavorable weather conditions forced celebrations indoors, SCIENCE SVG was triumphant with a joyful display and presentation at the Georgetown Secondary School.
Student with her prizes for correctly answering quiz questions on birds at the activity table. (Photo by Lystra Culzac)
Dr Joanne Gaymes of SCIENCE SVG explains the competition rules for winning the prizes displayed at the table. (Photo by Lystra Culzac)
Lystra Culzac features the Whistling Warbler, an endemic of St. Vincent found in the forested upper watersheds of the school community. (Photo by Dr Joanne Justo)
Also in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, the Forestry Department brought the beauty of endemic birds and the need for their conservation to local schools. These school visits were featured in the local news, undoubtedly reaching more Vincentians locally and abroad! Junior Forestry Officers were taken on a birding tour of Lingley Valley to practice their bird identification skills acquired during the BirdsCaribbean Caribbean Landbird Monitoring Training Workshop held in January this year.
Grenada
In Grenada, CEBF celebrations headed to the mangroves at L’anse Aux Epines! Gaea Conservation invited all birders—new, amateur and veteran, to join them for “Birding 101: Tips and Tricks on Bird Identification in Grenada.” They birded along the road before entering the mangroves where to everyone’s delight they saw the Grenada Flycatcher!
Birding 101 event flyer.
Birding along L’Anse Aux Epines road, Grenada. (Photo by Gaea Conservation Network)
Grenada Flycatcher. (Photo by Knut Hansen)
Beginner and experienced birders joined Gaea Conservation Network for their event.
Trinidad
And finally, at the end of the Caribbean archipelago on the island of Trinidad, CEBF was celebrated at the ARC Conservation Field Station in Brasso Seco, a small village nestled in the Northern Range. Attendees of the “Protect the Rivers, Save the Birds” event were introduced to bird banding, an important conservation tool, and treated to up-close views of some of the area’s common birds like the stunning Silver-beaked Tanager and delightful Bananaquit. Giselle, director of ARC Conservation and graduate of our Caribbean Bird Banding (CBB) workshop, allowed the younger children to release the banded birds under her careful supervision. Their delight was palpable and we hope that happy memories were created!
ARC Conservation Field Station at Brasso Seco.
Giselle shows the children how to correctly hold a Violaceous Euphonia.
Learning about water conservation for birds and humans at the event.
After the nets were closed, it was time to dive into some Birdsleuth Caribbean activities, a discussion on water conservation at home, and bird art. Masks were crafted by hand with designs representing the resident birds. A spectacular bird masquerade made for the perfect finale to a wonderful day of celebrations. There were no questions among the children about their favorite mask—the Trinidad Piping-Guan or ‘Pawi’ was the clear winner!
Still the Best in the West (Indies)
The Endemic Birds of the West Indies Coloring Book was again a favorite among participants across the islands. Since its release, island coordinators have used the book as a tool to introduce youth to the fascinating world of birds. Both English and Spanish versions of the coloring book are available for free download from our Resources page! Contact info@Birdscaribbean.org to find out how to receive printed copies of English or Spanish books.
We intend to share this valuable educational resource in French, but this can only be made possible with your help! Your support ensures that our resources, which help both adults and children learn about birds and how to protect them, remain free and accessible.
Feathery facts and free resources for classrooms and homes
Each day we featured a new Endemic Bird of the Day on our website and across BirdsCaribbean’s socials, sharing 26 new species in 2023. The species were carefully selected to include truly unique birds, like the Martinique Oriole and Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager; species which keep birders’ ID skills in check, like the Lesser Antillean Swift; those that challenge female stereotypes, like the Ashy-faced Owl; and endemic crooners, like the Rufous-throated Solitaire and Bahama Mockingbird. You can find the complete library of 131 endemic birds covered thus far here. (There are ~180 endemic birds total in the region with 5 “new” species added via species splits in July 2023!).
Each endemic bird profile was accompanied by a beautifully drawn image by Josmar Esteban Marquez of AveZona, stunning high quality photos and videos, online puzzles tailored for different levels (between six and 1,024 pieces), and bird calls. Fun, free and engaging activities were also provided for both kids and adults, including downloadable coloring pages, experiments, up-cycle crafts, and more.
CEBF 2024 loading…
This year’s CEBF is over – but don’t worry, we still have plenty of bird content for you to enjoy! Make sure you are following us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn, and have joined the BirdsCaribbean mailing list, to ensure you are kept up to date with our latest news via our monthly newsletter.
The Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival will return next April 2024 – but we need help coming up with a theme! We would love to hear your ideas for next year’s theme, which should allow us to highlight a critical problem that affects birds throughout the region. Please email your theme and a brief explanation (1-3 sentences) on why it should be the 2024 CEBF theme to CEBF@birdscaribbean.org, info@birdscaribbean.org and Aliya.Hosein@birdscaribbean.org
And, we need help distributing educational materials to our partners in the Caribbean for next year’s CEBF.
In addition to high shipping costs, it can be difficult to get the materials to individual islands on-time and in good condition. If you, or a friend or relative, will be traveling between the US and the Caribbean during the months of December, January and February and have extra room in your suitcase, please get in touch with us at CEBF@birdscaribbean.org, info@birdscaribbean.org and Aliya.Hosein@birdscaribbean.org. Your support will help ensure that bird education remains accessible to all in the Caribbean.
Acknowledgements: A massive THANK YOU to the island coordinators for your enthusiasm and dedication to making this another memorable CEBF! Each year we see a growing number of participants committed to increasing their knowledge of Caribbean birds and actively working to protect their habitats. We also extend our gratitude to our donors and members who help us provide the coordinators with the support and resources they need to educate and inspire future generations of bird and nature loving communities.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Red-shouldered Blackbird
It takes two! Duetting male and female Red-shouldered Blackbirds make beautiful music together. And it is quite impressive for this Cuban endemic because not all species of songbirds can sing duets with their mates.
Amazing duetting ability aside, you may be wondering if this endemic bird is not in fact the Red-winged Blackbird, one of the most abundant birds in marshes across North America. The two species are not the same but are each other’s closest relative! Differences in the two species’ songs and the coloration pattern of females helped confirm that they are different species.
Male Red-shouldered Blackbirds look very much like male Red-winged Blackbirds—all black with a slight bluish gloss and scarlet shoulder patch edged with yellow. The females, however, are different—not streaked with brown like female Red-wings but solidly black, like the male, but lacking the colorful epaulet. Juvenile males have a reddish-brown patch and are overall dull black.
The Red-shouldered Blackbird can be found in western and central Cuba, and the Isle of Pines in swamps and marshes with tall vegetation like cat-tails and bulrushes. It breeds from April to August. The female builds the cup-shaped nest in which she lays 2-3 bluish-white eggs with brown and pale purple spotting. Both parents feed the chicks and defend their nesting territory.
In the non-breeding season they also venture out of the marshes and into nearby uplands, pastures, and agricultural fields foraging for insects, small vertebrates, fruits, and seeds. Outside the breeding season, they usually form large mixed flocks with Cuban Blackbirds, Tawny-shouldered Blackbirds, and Greater Antillean Grackles.
Red-shouldered Blackbird can be difficult to tell apart from several other black birds in Cuba. Both sexes of Tawny-shouldered Blackbird have a yellow-orange shoulder, though the shoulder color is sometimes only visible in flight. It also has a forked tail and shorter bill and the song is different. The Shiny Cowbird lacks a shoulder patch, has a purplish gloss, and a shorter and stouter bill than Red-shouldered Blackbird. The Cuban Blackbird is larger and more robust, and without color patches on its wings.
The song is not musical, described as a repeated shrill screeching “o-wi-hiiii,” similar to that of the Red-winged Blackbird but higher-pitched and shorter. It is sung by both sexes, sometimes in duet. The call is a short “chuk” or “chek,” sometimes in short series. When singing, the male lifts the feathers on his back, drops his wings, exposing the brilliant red shoulder patch, and spreads his tail.
The Red-shouldered Blackbird is called “Chirriador” meaning “screecher” in Cuba and also “Mayito de Cienaga” which means “marsh blackbird.”
When foraging for the young, the males and females provide food at similar rates and the overall breeding system is monogamous. This contrasts with the polygynous breeding system (one male pairing with 2 or more females) of the Red-winged Blackbird.
The Red-shouldered Blackbird is not globally threatened but has a restricted and fragmented distribution in Cuba. Further fragmentation or loss of its habitat may have disastrous effects on the population. It is therefore important that we protect and maintain this endemic bird’s existing habitat on the island. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Aliya Hosein for the text!
Colour in the Red-shouldered Blackbird
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of Red-shouldered Blackbird
The song of the Red-shouldered Blackbird is a shrill “Shuh-reee-eee.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: In keeping with our theme “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” our activity today involves providing water for birds in your outdoor space! You can’t have a bird-friendly garden without a spot for the birds to drink from, bathe in or just cool themselves down on a hot day. Like humans, all birds need a reliable source of clean water. Follow our instructions and you can make your own bird bath using materials from around your house and yard. You will need:
an old garbage bin lid, flower pot drip tray or serving tray
rocks or pebbles
any size and color tomato cage
wire cutters
As this activity involves using wire cutters you will need to ask an adult to help you.
Once you have made your bird bath make sure that you follow our “Keeping your bird bath safe for the birds & you” tips. By frequently changing the water and keeping your bird bath clean you should be able to provide a place for the bird in your garden to enjoy and for you to enjoy the birds!
Enjoy this video of a Red-shouldered Blackbird in the wild!
Cuba—definitely on the bucket list of most birders and indeed world travelers! Read all about The Caribbean Birding Trail tour that took place in January 2016. The exciting trip took in many birding and cultural highlights including a trip to the The Zapata Peninsula, which many wonderful birds were seen including endemics such as the Cuban Black Hawk and today’s featured bird Red-shouldered Blackbird. Find out more here:
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Hispaniolan Spindalis
What’s that colorful sunset spot in the tree?? Why it’s the Hispaniolan Spindalis!
Males of this species are unmistakable. They sport a black head with two bold white stripes, one above the eye and another at the ‘malar’ or mustache region. They have a rich yellow nape and breast, fading to a gray belly. Their bright yellow contrasts with an olive back patch and crimson-chestnut breast spot, sometimes with a charcoal center. They have striking black wings and tail feathers, edged white with a rusty shoulder patch. Sometimes their mandarin orange rump feathers will peek through their primaries.
Females don’t boast quite as bright of a suit. Instead they flaunt a subtle beauty, with an overall olive-brown coloration to their feathers and fine streaking on the breast. Their wings and tail feathers are edged a soft yellow, giving a slight glow about them. At first, they may be more difficult to recognize, but both males and females have a similar small, gray bill with a hook on the end.
Both young males and older females can have an intermediate look. Males in the first year will start to molt in some of those black head feathers and bright body feathers, but usually in a patchier, teenage punk kind of way. Older females will also have some male characteristics, like a brighter chest or bolder wing feathers, but will not have as much coloration as younger males.
For such a colorful bird, the male Hispaniolan Spindalis isn’t much of a singer. They give a thin, high-pitched whistle “tsee” or a rapid “tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi.” Often they’ll whistle these high pitched notes from atop a tree or within a dense thicket. Females even have their own soft response, that sounds like a jumble of notes.
The Hispaniolan Spindalis was formerly considered part of the Stripe-headed Tanager complex, which included Western Spindalis, Puerto Rican Spindalis, and Jamaican Spindalis. Recently, they were split up into the four species that we know today. And they were even given their own unique avian family, Spindalidae, separating them from other tropical tanagers and creating another endemic bird family for the Caribbean!
Look for them in a variety of wooded habitats from sea level to 2,500 m in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Though they seem especially abundant in montane habitats in evergreen pine and broadleaf forests, they may wander down to lower elevation habitats during the non-breeding season usually in search of more fruits! They are primarily frugivores, feeding on a variety of tropical fruit, flowers, seeds, and leaf greens; though they may expand their palette to include insects during the breeding season. Usually they prefer to forage in small groups of 3-4 birds; though with an abundance of ripe fruit you’ll sometimes see more birds join the flock!
Breeding season is usually May – June. Pairs will build a small cup nest out of dry grasses and place it about 1.5 m up in a tree or shrub. The female lays 3 whitish eggs with brownish spots. Her more camouflaged plumage helps with avoiding predators during incubation and feeding the chicks in the nest.
Although the Hispaniolan Spindalis is still widespread and common throughout Hispaniola, it is likely starting to experience declines due to habitat loss. Protected areas, such as national parks and reserves on the island, have provided vital habitat for these stunning birds. It is important that we all do our part to learn about and protect these birds so that we can continue to enjoy them!Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Holly Garrod for the text!
Colour in the Hispaniolan Spindalis
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of Hispaniolan Spindalis
The calls of the Hispaniolan Spindalis include a rapid high-pitched “tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi” as well as a single “tsee” call.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: The male Hispaniolan Spindalis is a striking bird with vivid colors of black, white, chestnut, yellow and orange!But who says you have to travel to the wet montane forests of Hispaniola to enjoy these beautiful colors? In this activity you’ll make a suncatcher—a decoration that catches rays of sunlight and casts them as rainbow hued patterns across the room.
Here is a list of materials you will need:
empty clear plastic milk jug, washed and dried
permanent markers
scissors
utility Knife
hole punch
twine, string or yarn
You can download full instructions here including a bird template for you to use. This activity involves using a knife and scissors. Make sure you have an adult to help you with the cutting.
Enjoy this short video of a male Hispaniolan Spindalis in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Puerto Rican Tanager
Usually heard before it reveals itself, the Puerto Rican Tanager or “Llorosa”, as it’s known locally, will alert all forest critters with an array of chewp or chuck calls or a longer chi-chi-chit. These small birds prefer to stay hidden in dense vegetation, often in small flocks of four to six individuals. Every now and then, one or more will hop on an exposed branch showing their somewhat somber plumage that is perfectly camouflaged for their gloomy habitat. The dusky gray-brown upper parts hide them from raptors flying above. The faintly striked whitish underparts make them hard to see against the background of the sky for predators looking up from below. The crown and face is dark, contrasting well with the all-white throat. A small white spot in the wings of adults sets this bird apart from other “little brown birds”.
Puerto Rican Tanagers used to be placed in the tanager family, giving them their name. But actually it belongs to its own family, “Nesospingidae”, of which it is the only member! Their closest relatives are the Spindalis, the Palm-tanager, Green-tailed Warbler, and White-winged Warbler.
Foraging groups sound as if they are in a feisty disagreement or upset. This gives them their Spanish name “Llorosa” (which means “tearful”). As they forage for small insects, spiders, snails, tiny vertebrates, fruits, and seeds, other bird species join them through the forest. Such gatherings are known as mixed-species flocks and attract warblers, flycatchers and other small birds that find safety in numbers.
During the breeding season, males sing a light “tsweet-tsweet-tsweet-tsweet” song. Singing males and their female mates will defend a small territory where they build a small cup-shaped nest made of plant material and lined with feathers and other soft fibers, usually at the ends of branches at heights between 2-10 meters. Females lay 2-3 eggs, white with reddish-brown blotches. Chicks are born naked after an incubation period of a couple of weeks. The young leave the nest after 2-3 weeks, but remain with the adults for several months.
The Puerto Rican Tanager is endemic to Puerto Rico. It is restricted to mountain forests 300 meters above sea level. It is believed that they ranged across the mountainous center, the Cotdillera Central, the Sierra de Luquillo, and the Sierra de Cayey. Most birds are found in subtropical wet and rain forests, and subtropical lower montane forests. The loss of 85% of the island’s forests during the early 1900s affected the Puerto Rican Tanager by fragmenting the population and reducing their range to the Maricao forest in the west, Toro Negro forest and the protected peaks of El Yunque National Forest and the Carite State Forest. Regeneration of forest in the past 20 years has seen a constant expansion into subtropical moist forest at lower elevations. It is considered as Vulnerable due to its limited distribution. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Jose Salguero-Faría for the text!
Colour in the Puerto Rican Tanager
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the call of Puerto Rican Tanager
The call of the Puerto Rican Tanager is a harsh “chuck” or “chewp” often given in a chattering series of calls.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Let’s celebrate dads AND endemic birds! Father’s Day is this weekend on June 18th and we’ve got you covered. We have an endemic bird-themed Father’s Day Cards to download and color! This is a fun activity for people of all ages to celebrate the father figure in their life. With a cute bird-themed picture for you to customise, our card also features a beautiful drawing of today’s endemic bird – the Puerto Rican Tanager – along with some interesting facts!
Please download and print our card template (letter size will work best but A4 will be ok too). It’s best to use card stock, but regular printer paper will do just fine. Once printed, fold in half horizontally (so the short sides touch) and write your own special message on the inside! Don’t forget to colour in the pictures on the front and on the back. Or if you are feeling really creative be inspired by one our featured birds and draw your own greeting card! You could use this blank template.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Puerto Rican Tanager foraging in the wild!
The T-shirt designed for the 2022 Joint BirdsCaribbean AOS meeting was beautiful! It featured the endemic birds of Puerto Rico, the location for the meeting, including today’s Endemic Bird of the Day! The idea to create this T-shirt was conceptualized by Gabriel Lugo, past president of the Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña, Inc. (SOPI) and Tour Guide for Wildside Nature Tours. In partnership with renowned Cuban artist and friend of BirdsCaribbean, Arnaldo Toledo, the pair created this timeless piece that will undoubtedly be a source of pride for all Puerto Ricans and friends of Puerto Rico. Read more about the process of designing the T-shirt here:
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Palm Crow
A crow that lives on palm trees? Well, yes…, but the name can be misleading. Palm Crow (Corvus palmarum) can also be found in high-elevation pine forests, lowland and swampy forests, dry plains, and cultivation areas. Restricted to the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, there is a recent proposal for separating them into two different species. This could have a profound effect on its conservation status, given that the Cuban subspecies is very rare and confined to just a few localities.
This bird is one of the four resident species of crows in the Caribbean. All of them show the classic black plumage with purple-blue iridescence, that people associate with crows and their spooky reputation. They are gregarious, often found in small flocks. Cuban Crow and Palm Crow are almost indistinguishable, a fact that poses an identification challenge for every birder.
Fortunately, they have unique vocalizations. The song of the Palm Crow is a harsh nasal “craaa, craaa,” that resembles the North American Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus), while the song of the Cuban Crow resembles parrot calls or a gobbling turkey. The Palm Crow also has the well-developed nasal bristles covering nostrils that distinguishes crows from other small blackbirds. The Cuban subspecies is slightly smaller and duller than the one living in Hispaniola.
The Palm Crow’s short, stout, sharp-pointed black bill allows it to devour a variety of food items from fruits to invertebrates. Another important clue for identifying this species is that it can be found frequently feeding on the ground, sometimes near roads, contrasting with its other Caribbean relatives that rarely leave the tree tops.
We know very little about the Palm Crow´s natural history, especially its breeding biology. Pairs build the typical crow nest consisting of a platform made of sticks and lined with dry grasses and other soft materials, located among tree branches or at the base of palm fronds (here is where its name comes from!). They are presumably solitary nesters that defend an exclusive territory, but small groups of up to six individuals can be seen together when mobbing or harassing potential predators away. In Cuba, the breeding season takes place from March through July, and they usually lay three to four pale green eggs spotted in brown and dark olive.
Crows are the quintessential “spooky” birds, considered omens of bad luck when seen. But we can change that undeserved reputation to omens of habitat quality and protection. Half of our Caribbean crows are threatened, and Palm Crow, even though it is not globally threatened, is protected and considered Endangered in Cuba. The forests they inhabit are being lost to agriculture and human development all across their range. Even in Hispaniola, where they are more common and widespread, their numbers have decreased recently. A lack of long-term data on population trends hinders us from making a clear assessment of the species’ status.
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of Palm Crow
The calls of the Palm Crow are a flat, harsh “raaah.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: This year the theme for the festival is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life.” Birds need water just as much as we do. Water is important both for drinking and as a source of food for birds. It also keeps birds clean and cool on hot days when they take a splish-splash in a puddle, gutter, or backyard bird bath. Many birds also rely on wetland habitats, such as our ponds, salinas, marshes, mangroves, rivers, and coastal waters. With growing human populations and relentless development, there are growing demands for water and continued destruction of our remaining wetlands.
Pollution, erosion, and prolonged droughts are also directly impacting the quantity and quality of water resources and habitats available both for our birds and ourselves!
How much do you know about saving water and making sure we don’t waste this precious resource? Test you knowledge in our ‘Water IQ’ quiz. If you need some help with the answers you can search online- you could try here as a starting point for tips of water conservation.
Completed the quiz? You can check your answers here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Palm Crow in Cuba. You can hear the birds rasping calls to each other in the background.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Rufous-throated Solitaire
The Rufous-throated Solitaire (Myadestes genibarbis) is a beloved songster of wet montane forests. It is found only on the following islands: Jamaica, Hispaniola, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent, each with its own subspecies. Across these islands this bird is more commonly heard than seen. It is always a delight to anyone on the trails to hear its melodic and hauntingly beautiful song.
Its song consists of a series of clear and somewhat inharmonious flute-like whistled notes. The first note is low, second high, third low, interspersed with a ringing double note; or sometimes as “twuit, toi, tu-tu-tu-tu”. Calls include a single long “toot” like a distant car horn!
You’ll find this bird hidden in the canopy of humid montane forests. If you’re lucky enough to see it, the first thing you’ll notice is its brilliant brick-red throat with overall gray plumage—slate-gray above and paler gray below. It has a white crescent below the eye, a white-flecked face, and whitish chin and mustache separated by a dark malar (stripe from the beak down the cheek). The lower belly and vent are tawny, bill black, and legs yellow. The sexes are similar. Juveniles are dark with orange-buff spots and streaks above.
The Rufous-throated Solitaire forages up in the forest canopy, but it may occasionally feed in low vegetation. It feeds on small fruits and insects and travels alone or in mixed-species flocks. Insects are taken via aerial sallies, gleaning and hawking, and also by pouncing on insects on the ground from a perch.
In the Dominican Republic and Jamaica it is a partial altitudinal migrant. It moves to lower altitudes in colder weather and ascends to the higher highlands as temperatures rise.
The breeding season takes place from March to August in the DR and Jamaica, May in Haiti and May to July in the Eastern Caribbean. The nest is cup-shaped and usually placed in a crevice, creeper, in the center of a tree-fern or bromeliad, or tree hole. The female lays 2-3 eggs, bluish-white or blue with reddish-brown spots.
The species is not globally threatened but in Haiti its numbers are much reduced due to habitat loss. It would be a shame to lose this gorgeous bird and not hear its melodious forest song so we should support local initiatives to protect its habitats. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Aliya Hosein and Lisa Sorenson for the text!
Colour in the Rufous-throated Solitaire
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of Rufous-throated Solitaire
The song of the Rufous-throated Solitaire is a series of drawn out, flute-like whistled notes given at varying pitches.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Get creative and try singing (or playing a musical instrument) like a bird! Be inspired by the lovely song of today’s bird the Rufous-throated Solitaire, or one of our other featured endemic birds. You could also head outside and listen out for the sounds the birds are making and then create your own birdsong! You can download our instructions here to help you make some melodious bird-inspired tunes.
Please note that by submitting your video you give BirdsCaribbean consent to use your photos and/or videos on our website and social media accounts.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Rufus-throated Solitaire in the wild in Jamaica! You can hear it’s calls and another bird singing in the distance.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Flat-billed Vireo
There seems to be no braver small bird than the Flat-billed Vireo (Vireo nanus). It is highly territorial and will respond to any potential intruder, no matter the size, with acute shaking of its body and a harsh scolding note.
The Flat-billed Vireo is endemic to the island of Hispaniola and is locally distributed in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is a grayish-green bird with duller, yellow-washed underparts, two bold white wing bars, and whitish eyes. It has a noticeably wide, flattened, and triangular dark gray bill.
Although the plumage is rather plain it has a very cheerful, whistling song “wi-wi-wi-wi-wi,” and a more rapid chattering “weet-weet-weet…” Like other vireos they are more often heard than seen, unless you lure it out of the dense vegetation by imitating its call.
It is a bird of dense lowland scrubby habitats— usually the thick underbrush in a dry forest on limestone floor. For this reason the Flat-billed Vireo belongs to a particular group of vireos called the “scrub vireos.” But it has also been recorded at 1,200m above sea level. It is usually seen moving low above the ground foraging for small fruits and insects; sometimes, the species even descends to the ground to feed. The Flat-billed Vireo will also catch flying insects out of the air.
This could explain an old debate, which argued that this vireo was actually a flycatcher, and should be placed in the genus Empidonax. Later on, it was finally placed in the vireo family in the genus Vireo. Like the common name implies, its peculiar flattened, broad-based bill confused ornithologists for quite some time. The specific name “nanus” depicts its already mentioned small size (dwarf).
The breeding season runs from February to June. The female lays two white, unmarked or with light gray markings at blunt end, eggs in a cup shaped nest. Nest is made of plant fibers and sometimes horsehair.
The local name “Cigüita Juliana,” as Annabelle Dod called it in the first book on the birds of the Dominican Republic (first ever written in Spanish), links its relationship with the other resident (and well known) vireo, the “Julián Chiví” (Black-whiskered Vireo), which actually has a truly onomatopoeic name.
The Flat-billed Vireo is not globally threatened but has suffered considerable loss of habitat in recent times. It is uncommon and local in its distribution. It is up to us to protect its remaining habitat by volunteering and/or donating to reforestation projects led by local environmental NGOs on Hispaniola.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Miguel Landestoy for the text!
Colour in the Flat-billed Vireo
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of Flat-billed Vireo
The song of the Flat-billed Vireo is a cheerful repeated whistle, almost liquid-like in quality, “we-we-we-we-we…”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: What facts can you remember about today’s endemic bird – the Flat-billed Vireo? Test your knowledge by filling in the missing words in our Flat-billed Vireo facts! We have given you all the correct words to use but can you put them into the right fact?
You can re-read the information all about this bird above, or search on the BirdsCaribbean webpages or online for more information about the Flat-billed Vireo! Then, when you have completed all the sentences, you can check your answers here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Flat-billed Vireo in the wild! In this video you can see the Vireo perched high in a tree and you can also hear its song.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Gray-fronted Quail-Dove
With patience and silence, you may be lucky enough to spot the stunning Gray-fronted Quail-Dove on the trail ahead or walking quietly in the nearby woods.
This Cuban endemic is usually found either at low elevations in wet forests bordering swamps, or at middle altitudes in dense moist woods. Here it forages in the leaf litter for seeds and small insects and is quite focused while searching for food. This is why if you remain still, it may not notice you and approach quite closely. This chunky dove walks with an unusual posture of chest down, head forward, and tail up.
The Gray-fronted Quail-Dove is easily spooked and once disturbed will quickly” melt back” into the forest! But it is a beautiful bird when seen in good light conditions. It is dark gray above with conspicuous purple and blue iridescence on its back, gray underparts with rufous lower belly, gray crown and neck, and white forehead. On the other hand, in poor light conditions it simply looks like a mid-sized, mostly dark pigeon.
If you can’t get a good look at it, listen out for its song, low-pitched repeated cooing notes, “uup-uup-uup-uup,” sometimes preceded by “oo-oo-oo-oo-oo.”
The breeding season is from January to August. Nests are built using twigs and leaves, lined with rootlets and/or grasses and placed 1–3 m above ground. Clutch size is 1–2 beige-coloured eggs. In captivity, incubation lasts 13 days and chicks fledge the nest in as little as 10-12 days.
The Gray-fronted Quail-Dove’s conservation status is listed as Vulnerable. It is generally uncommon and local, but it is known from ten localities in the Zapata region alone, and 45 localities in total.
This species faces a variety of threats from habitat loss, predation by introduced species, and hunting. Like the Blue-headed Quail-Dove, an even rarer Cuban endemic, it is a delicacy and consequently hunted using drop-traps baited with orange seeds. This rare dove would benefit from protection of its habitat from unsustainable development and introduced predators, and initiatives aimed at reducing its consumption. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Aliya Hosein for the text!
Colour in the Gray-fronted Quail-Dove
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of Gray-fronted Quail-Dove
The song of the Gray-fronted Quail-Dove is a continuous low-pitched “uup-uup-uup-uup”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Test your knowledge of where Caribbean endemic birds live with our ‘Fly away home’ Map Matching Activity! Draw lines from the picture of each Caribbean endemic bird to match each one with its home. And here is the Answer Key – don’t look until you have completed the activity!!! You can find out more about Caribbean endemic birds by reading our posts each day or you can go back and find all the endemic birds that we have featured in previous years here. You can also find out all about our Endemic Birds of the West Indies Colouring Book with even more birds to colour in!
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of this Gray-fronted Quail-Dove in the wild!
Seventeen strangers from three countries, Bahamas, Bermuda, and the United States, became fast friends on the BirdsCaribbean 4-day Pre-conference Tour, before the 2017 BirdsCaribbean meeting in Cuba. On a bird and culture packed tour the Gray-fronted Quail-Dove was just one of many endemic birds seen by the group. Read more about the trip in this blog post by Martha Cartwright.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Jamaican Mango
When you think of hummingbirds, you most likely think of glittering hues of green, blue, red and purple. However, Jamaican Mango (Anthracothorax mango) is truly like no other, appearing dark overall compared to other species. It is also the largest of the four hummingbirds in Jamaica!
Both male and female have metallic magenta purple head and neck and velvet black underparts. Upperparts are dull green-bronze. The bill is slightly curved and black, central tail feathers are dusky bronze to dull black and the others are metallic violet. The female’s outer tail feathers are tipped white. Juvenile males have a deep blue throat until they are two years old.
The Jamaican Mango can be found in a variety of habitats from open and semi-open lowland vegetation including arid areas, gardens and plantations.This majestic bird is regularly seen visiting the flowers of the cactus, Agave, and Aloe Vera in the dry forest. It is also seen visiting mango flowers, which could explain its common name. Like other hummingbirds they follow the nectar trail and will disperse to mid-altitude regions in Cockpit Country and to Blue and John Crow Mountains from June–August. They also eat small flying insects caught on the wing and has been observed pulling insects from spider webs.
This is a rather silent hummingbird but it has a high-pitched raspy call “tsic-tsic-tsic-tsic.”
It breeds all through the year, peaking from January to May and will even nest in gardens. The female builds a small cup-shaped nest of densely woven silky fibers, seed down (e.g. Tillandsia) and cobwebs, at about 3–8 m above the ground. Clutch size is two white eggs and chicks have blackish plumage.
The Jamaican Mango is listed on the IUCN Red list as Least Concern. It is unknown if habitat loss impacts the species since it is found in both forested and disturbed areas. But we should all continue to work together to protect its habitats so that we can continue to be dazzled by this endemic gem for many years to come. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Damion Whyte for the text!
Colour in the Jamaican Mango
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of Jamaican Mango
The call of the Jamaican Mango is a sharp “tsic-tsic-tsic-tsic.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Hummingbirds, like the lovely Jamaican Mango, are elegant little birds, often with brightly coloured jewel-like plumage. Why not capture some of their elegance by making your very own hummingbird from paper using origami? Join Josmar Esteban Márquez and learn how to fold a Hummingbird out of paper. The video also features some gorgeous photos of the many hummingbird species that are endemic to the Caribbean islands!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Lesser Antillean Tanager
Locally known as the “Prince Bird,” the Lesser Antillean Tanager (Stilpnia cucullata) is endemic to St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada. This regal bird is unmistakably the most colorful bird found on the island, second only to the St. Vincent Parrot (Amazona guildingii).
Because of its beauty this species has been captured and caged for hundreds of years, going as far back as to the days of slavery. Sugar cane plantation owners saw it as a symbol of prestige to walk down the road with this caged bird in hand. Even today this beautiful bird is still sought after by some of the wealthier inhabitants of the neighboring island of Bequia.
The Lesser Antillean Tanager male is yellowish buff above and grayish below with striking turquoise wings and tail, a dark mask, and a distinct reddish-brown cap. The plumage differs a bit between the two countries: the crown of the St Vincent subspecies is more rufous compared to chocolate-brown in the Grenada race. In addition, the upperparts of the St Vincent race are more buffy, the wings and tail are more bluish, and it is a little larger.
Females are duller than males and more greenish (Grenada) or brownish (St Vincent) overall. Juveniles are like adults but much duller, with only hints of dark masks, and may show little or no rufous on their crowns.
This spectacular bird can be seen in most habitats – dry and moist forests, wooded borders, second growth forests, parks and gardens, and montane thickets and rainforests at different times of the year. However, it prefers the dry coastal forest at higher elevations, and farm and pasture lands.
Whenever red plums (Spondias spp) are in season you will be sure to find the Lesser Antillean Tanager feeding on them. Although they are mainly seen in pairs, when plums are in season up to nine may be seen on a single tree foraging! They also eat mangoes, figs, soursop, Cecropia fruits, and insects. The insects are gleaned from the leaves or the tanager sallies short distances from a branch to catch them mid-air.
Little is known about the breeding biology of the Lesser Antillean Tanager since it has not been well studied. The breeding season reportedly occurs from April to July. Pairs build a cup-shaped nest similar to that of the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch (Loxigilla noctis), about 2-5 meters up the tree and the female lays 2 eggs that are white to bluish, with brown and gray markings. It has been observed stealing material from the nests of other birds.
Oftentimes you hear the tanager before you see it. Its song comprises a series of about six loud clear whistles that increase in volume and either end abruptly, as when you hold a bunch of keys and rattle it continuously for a few seconds (St Vincent subspecies), or in a jumbled twitter (Grenada subspecies): weet-weet-weet-witwitwitwit.
The Lesser Antillean Tanager is not globally threatened but is a restricted-range species, only occurring in two islands in the Lesser Antilles. It will be affected by threats to its habitats like deforestation, pollution, and natural disasters; it is therefore important to maintain and protect its existing habitats on both Grenada and St Vincent and the Grenadines. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Glenroy Gaymes for the text!
Colour in the Lesser Antillean Tanager
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of Lesser Antillean Tanager
The song of the Lesser Antillean Tanager consisted of of single thin notes followed by a jumbled series of high-pitched notes, weet-weet-weet-witwitwitwit, reminiscent of jingling keys.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Lesser Antillean Tanagers are beautiful and colourful birds. Sadly, for this reason some people take them from the wild to keep in cages. Other birds in the Caribbean and around the world are also taken from the wild and kept in cages as part of the illegal wild bird trade. Some birds, like tanagers and parrots, are kept as pets for their beauty, and some for singing competitions like finches and grosbeaks. These birds should be flying free in the wild not kept in cages!
In our activity we want you to think about and answer some questions about the Lesser Antillean Tanager and birds being kept in cages.You can read the text on the Lesser Antillean Tanager to help you or check the internet for more information on the illegal wild bird trade.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Lesser Antillean Tanager, filmed preening on St Vincent.
The Lesser Antillean Tanager was one of the birds caught and banded during an expedition by Canadian students to band birds in Grenada. You can read more about their adventures here:
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Black-capped Petrel
Imagine being up on one of the tallest mountains in the Caribbean. Imagine being there at night on a moonless February night. You can feel the fog all around you and can hear the sounds of a few frogs and insects. Suddenly, out of nowhere and everywhere at the same time, comes an eerie call, between a laugh and a lament. In ancient times, some thought these were the calls of the devil or witches. But today you can be assured that you are lucky enough to be near one of the few courtship areas of the Black-capped Petrel.
This mysterious seabird is the only seabird endemic to the Caribbean! Is is known as Diablotin (“the little devil”) in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Dominica, and Pajaro de la Bruja (“the witch’s bird”) in Cuba. It used to be widespread in the Caribbean but is now only known to nest in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and possibly in Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, and Guadeloupe.
The Black-capped Petrel has long wings (dark above, white below), a white nape and rump, and the black cap that gives it its English name. Its diet is not well known but consists mostly of fish and squid. A pelagic seabird, it spends most of its life far out at sea and comes to land only to breed, between November and June.
It is very difficult to see the Black-capped Petrel on land because it comes back to its burrow only after sunset and leaves long before sunrise, flying up and down river flyways in the dark. At sea, it is active day and night and lucky birdwatchers may see it near the coast of those Caribbean islands where it breeds. However, the best place to see a Black-capped Petrel would be just off the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia (where petrels from Hispaniola come to feed) and off Cape Hatteras, a hotspot for migrating petrels near the southeastern coast of the USA. There, you will notice its characteristic “roller-coaster” flight where it soars above the ocean and then dips to just above the water.
The Black-capped Petrel has a small population (estimated at 2,000-4,000 individuals) and is considered globally endangered. The main threats affecting the species on land are the loss of forested habitat, introduced predators (mainly mongoose, feral cats, and feral dogs), and collision with telecommunication towers. At sea, the petrel is affected by pollution (such as mercury and plastics), production of marine energy (oil and gas, and offshore wind), and attraction to lighted ships.
The Black-capped Petrel has long been part of Caribbean culture. Songs tell its story and mountains bear its name: in Dominica, two of the highest mountains (Morne Diablotin and Morne aux Diables) are named after it. The International Black-capped Petrel Conservation Group is hard at work to keep the Black-capped Petrel flying up and down Caribbean mountains. Protection of its forested breeding habitat and protection from predators is key to its long-term survival. You can learn more about this mysterious seabird at diablotin.org. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Yvan Satge for the text!
Colour in the Black-capped Petrel
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of the Black-capped Petrel
The calls of the Black-capped Petrel at nesting areas include a drawn out “awwwww” – these ‘spooky’ noises they make from nesting burrows give them their “Little Devil” name. Away from nests, when at sea they are usually silent but sometime give a short high-pitched ‘yelp’ call.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Use the information above and the clues on the sheet to untangle our our word scramble – all about the Black-capped Petrel. You’ll need to know about where is lives, what it eats, and how it behaves. You can find all the answers to the clues here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Find out more about community-based conservation of Black-capped Petrels in the Caribbean and join Adam Brown as he takes us on a trip to Haiti, to the remote mountain village of Boukan Chat. This village and the people who live there are the focus of conservation efforts to save the elusive and endangered Black-capped Petrel. Click below to see more about village life and how sustainable agriculture has been helping both the people and the petrels.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Cuban Martin
Cuban Martins (Progne cryptoleuca) are aerial insectivores. This group of birds gracefully swoops and soars through the air, catching insects on the wing. They have long and pointed wings that help them perform their aerial acrobatics. They also tend to have wide beaks that enable them to scoop insects as they fly. This group includes potoos, nightjars, swifts, swallows, and flycatchers.
Cuban Martins are striking birds. The adult male is bright metallic blue all over with a purplish gloss; some hidden white feathers on the lower belly are not usually seen in the field. The female has a white belly that contrasts sharply with a sooty-brown chest, sides, throat, and upper-parts, with some steel-blue feathers on her back, scapulars, and part of the head. Both sexes have forked tails. First-year juveniles are similar to the adult female, but much duller, and their tails are less forked than those of adults.
Cuban Martins are quite similar to Purple Martins (Progne subis). In fact, males of both species are indistinguishable in the field! However, females can be differentiated as the Purple Martin has some brown streaking on the underpart and a less distinct border between a darker breast and whitish belly.
The calls of the Cuban Martin include a harsh “churr,” a high-pitched, buzzy “zwick-zwick,” like a vibrating wire; and also a strong melodious warble.
Being a migratory species, the Cuban Martin’s range includes breeding, passage and wintering areas. It breeds only in Cuba with records on the main island, the Isle of Youth, and several cays both north and south of the island. The migration route and wintering range is largely unknown, but it is believed to winter in South America since the Cuban Martin is rarely reported in the rest of the Caribbean. This hypothesis is supported by recent data from an individual breeding in Cuba that was fitted with a geo-locator tag; it had traveled to Brazil for the winter!
The few records of the Cuban Martin in the region include observations in the Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Aruba, and Curacao.
The Cuban Martin inhabits open or semi-open areas in palm groves, mangroves, grasslands, agricultural lands, low scrubland, and coastal lagoons. They are also common in cities and towns where they can be observed perched on power and telephone lines. They return to Cuba to breed starting in late January with most of the population arriving between mid-February and early March. They begin to depart for their wintering area by late September/early October and are not seen again until the next breeding season.
Cuban Martins nest in colonies, but may breed in isolated pairs. The female lays 3 to 5 white eggs in abandoned woodpecker nests, dead palms, and cavities in cliffs and caves. They also nest under bridges and in old buildings and church towers. In Cuba, the largest breeding colony recorded is in the Convent of San Francisco de Asis in Old Havana. The few studies related to cavity use and breeding phenology are concentrated in that colony.
Cuban Martins are well adapted to capturing airborne insects. Their short, wide bill acts as a funnel to capture prey during flight, as they alternate between flapping and gliding. The diet, although not described in detail, includes known prey such as beetles, dragonflies and damselflies, butterflies and moths and bees. Both males and females feed the chicks in the nest, and even when the chicks leave the nest, both parents have been observed transferring food to the young during flight.
There is currently no reliable population estimate for this species. However, it is considered common throughout its breeding range in Cuba, and the population is assumed to be stable. It is therefore listed by BirdLife International as Least Concern. However, there are records of declines in local populations at some sites in the Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba due to the loss of nesting cavities. This is likely related to habitat destruction by poachers, who cut down nesting trees in search of psittacine (parrot) nests. The impact of other possible threats such as invasive species, hunting, collisions, and human disturbance is generally unknown. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Alieny González Alfonso for the text!
Colour in the Cuban Martin
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of the Cuban Martin
The calls of the Cuban Martin include a harsh “churr,” a buzzy “zwick-zwick,” as well as other musically burbling, buzzy notes.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Cuban Martins depend on insects as there main food source! This is true for lots of birds who need insects to survive. Even those who eat nectar or fruits might sometimes also eat insects or will catch them to feed to their hungry growing chicks (who need protein to be able to grow their feathers).
So, why not find out more about which insects live near you that are providing important food for birds? In this activity you will need:
an old light colored bed sheet or towel will work
a magnifying glass
garden gloves (optional)
camera
sheet of paper and pencil
You will also need a parent or trusted adult to help you with this activity. Download the activity instruction sheet here. And then you are ready to go looking for insects—who knows what you might find !
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Cuban Martin at a nest at the top of an old church in Old Havana – you can see a female trying to get her fully-grown chick to leave the nest!
Want to know more about other wonderful and acrobatic ‘Aerial Insectivores’ that live in the Greater Antilles? Then check our this fun blog post by Justin Proctor!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Jamaican Blackbird
Beautiful white-sand beaches, smiling faces, and a warm and welcoming ray of sunshine kissing your cheeks as you sip on freshly chopped coconuts. This is what most people think about when they hear the name of the Jamaican Blackbird’s (Nesopsar nigerrimus) homeland. However, this endangered endemic prefers to stay 500-2,000m above sea-level in the lush, cool, rainforests of the country’s interior mountains.
Its name describes its features perfectly with the exception of its dark-brown iris and slight blue gloss on its all-black plumage. This shiny black icterid (Family Icteridae includes blackbirds, orioles, meadowlarks, troupials, the Bobolink, etc.) boasts a slim, sharply-pointed black bill and a short, slightly forked, rounded tail, and black legs. Juveniles are similar to adults but their plumage has a slightly brown tinge and they lack gloss. Compared with other members of its family, Nesopsar has shorter legs and more curved claws, which are advantageous in arboreal (tree) foraging. The Jamaican Blackbird climbs vertically, like a woodcreeper, pecking into the trunk for crunchy and gooey beetles, snails, and caterpillars.
To locals, Jamaican Blackbirds are affectionately known as the “Wildpine Sergeant” because they can be found silently foraging in bromeliads and moss, or at the base of trees tossing out dead leaves and sticks. The sound of these disturbed leaves and the rain of debris, as they seek out small invertebrates, is often the first thing that attracts the attention of curious and hopeful birdwatchers to its whereabouts.
The Jamaican Blackbird breeds between the months of May and July. Their nests are built in the shape of a cup, well-hidden in the foliage. Though they are never seen in flocks, they may be seen in family groups sometimes after nesting periods. The song is a wheezy, tuneless “zwheeee-zee-zooo-zee-zee-zooo.” The call is a single, squeaky “wheet” repeated every few seconds.
This species is poorly studied and has become increasingly difficult to find over the decades, probably due to a loss of habitat. It is now classified as Endangered. Bauxite mining, commercial tree planting, and coffee plantations have all led to the removal of mature native trees that support the large bromeliads in which it forages.
When you visit the beautiful island of Jamaica make sure to keep an eye out on the winding roads and trails in Cockpit Country, and the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, you may just spot a rare Jamaican treasure! And locals, let our government know that the habitat of our endemic Jamaican Blackbird needs to be protected to ensure its survival long into the future. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Justin Saunders for the text!
Colour in the Jamaican Blackbird
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Jamaican Blackbird
The song of the Jamaican Blackbird is a wheezy “zwheeee-zee-zooo-zee-zee-zooo.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: We hope that you have been enjoying learning all about our Caribbean endemic birds! Don’t forget that this year our theme is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life”. Some of the birds we have featured so far are endangered and many others are under pressure, often from human activities. This means our special endemic birds and many of the other beautiful birds that live in or visit us in the Caribbean need your help.
All birds need water to survive so you can help by carrying out the actions in our “Pledge to Conserve Water.” You can download and print our water pledge here. Then sign your name and get started helping our birds by following some of the simple water-saving actions listed in the pledge. You could also hang or pin it up somewhere at home to remind you to keep saving water and helping birds and wildlife. And don’t forget to share this pledge with your family and friends!
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy the short videos below of a Jamaican Blackbird foraging for tasty insects in the Blue Mountains National Park in 1) lichen and moss along tree branches, and 2) a large bromeliad.
Did you know that in 2020 Shika Shika released their album “A Guide to the Birdsong of Mexico, Central America, & the Caribbean” ? The project was a unique fusion of music and birdsong , the ten-track electronic music album, incorporated the songs and calls of endangered birds. Amongst the calls and songs of endemics from the region you can listen out for the sweet songs of our Caribbean birds- including the Jamaican Blackbird! Find out more below:
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Narrow-billed Tody
If you’re thinking the Narrow-billed Tody must be the counterpart of the Broad-billed Tody – you’d be right. Hispaniola (shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic) is the only island with TWO todies and the only island where the todies are not named after their locale. These two todies indeed differ in bill width. They also separate altitudinally. The Broad-billed Tody is found in the lowland broadleaf forests while the Narrow-billed Tody (Todus angustirostris) inhabits the high-elevation cloud and pine forests.
Todies, the charismatic faces of the Caribbean, are small green birds with a bright red throat and paler chest. Though similar in coloration to hummingbirds, they are actually more related to kingfishers and motmots. Todies comprise 5 species spread across 4 of the Greater Antilles and are completely endemic to the Caribbean!
Besides the narrower bill, how can we distinguish the Narrow-billed Tody? First, check the eye color. Narrow-billed Todies have pale, typically blue eyes rather than the dark brown eyes of Broad-billed Todies. Next, check the breast color, Narrow-billed Todies will have a stark white breast, allowing their yellow and pink side feathers to really pop.
In contrast, the Broad-billed Tody has a much streakier yellow-pinkish breast. Finally check the bill. While Narrow-billed Todies do in fact have a narrower bill, the underside of the bill will typically be much darker. And if you really pay close attention, you might even notice that the Broad-billed Tody is overall a much brighter green than the darker, more forest-green of the Narrow-billed Tody.
The Narrow-billed Tody is locally known as the Chi-cui, named after its raspy, insect-like vocalization. They can often be heard making this chi-cui sound or a faster lazer call. But unlike the Broad-billed Tody which can make a nonvocal wing noise that sounds similar to running your fingers through a comb, Narrow-billed Todies do not appear to sport this ability.
These tiny green birds, weighing in at about 5-6 grams, have a voracious appetite and are seen in a near constant state of foraging. They’ll devour anything- from gooey caterpillars to butterflies, and have even been observed munching on 18 different species of fruits! And with their tiny size they’ve even been found choosing smaller fruits compared to some of Hispaniola’s other avian frugivores.
Like the other Caribbean todies, Narrow-billed Todies will dig their own nest burrow in any dirt bank they can find. Unlike Broad-billed Todies, however, which can be found nesting in your local neighborhood, Narrow-billed Todies are a bit pickier and prefer to nest deeper in the woods. In the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, these tiny todies actually make an elevational migration related to their breeding season. In April, right as they start to get ready for breeding, they’ll move upwards in elevation, being found no lower than 1,000m. But after the breeding season ends, usually July-August, they beeline back down the mountain and can be found as low as 650m during the rest of the year!
Similar to other Caribbean birds that live in forests, the Narrow-billed Tody is rapidly losing habitat, especially to growing agricultural activities like cattle ranching and coffee farms. Climate change has already pushed the two todies closer together—they can now be found breeding in overlap zones around 900m in the Cordillera Central and around 1,200m in the Sierra de Bahoruco of the Dominican Republic. There are even rumors of the first likely hybridization between the two species!
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Narrow-billed Tody
The song of the Narrow-billed Tody is a buzzy chattering which is repeated at intervals.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Can you find the words in our Narrow-billed Tody word search? Remind yourself of some of the interesting facts about this endemic bird as you look for all 15 hidden words!
Remember the words may appear forwards and backwards, as well as horizontal, vertical and diagonal! Need some help? Or want to check your answers? You can see where all the words were here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Narrow-billed Tody preening!
The Narrow-billed Tody was one of the beautiful birds , found in the Dominican Republic, that were seen by the participants of Landbird Monitoring Training Workshop. This workshop was held at the in the hills of central Dominican Republic during 2022 as part of our Caribbean Landbird Monitoring Program. Wildlife professionals from 16 countries had the opportunity to get together in person and learn to address the challenges of identifying, counting, and tracking our fascinating landbirds – in a variety of beautiful habitats. Find out what it was like taking part from participant Daniela Ventura.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Yellow-headed Warbler
Easy to spot because it forages in the understory is a small distinct warbler with an all-yellow head that contrasts with a plain gray body—the Yellow-headed Warbler (Teretistris fernandinae). It occurs over the western third of the main island of Cuba, as well as on the Isle of Youth and Cayo Cantiles. It is one of two warbler species endemic to Cuba.
The Yellow-headed Warbler is considered a “sister species” of the more easterly distributed Oriente Warbler (Teretistris fornsi), the other endemic warbler. Sister species are closely related – they are the two descendant species formed when one species splits during evolution.
In recent times, some biologists found an area of geographical overlap of the two species on the south side of the island between Cienfuegos and Trinidad City. Interestingly they have discovered a hybrid population here!! This means that both species have been living in this area and breeding with each other for years!! Hybrid zones happen when two closely related species come into contact with one another again and interbreed.
It’s easy to tell these two warblers apart in the field. The Yellow-headed Warbler, has an all-yellow hood and yellow eye-rings and the rest of the plumage is plain gray while the Oriente Warbler has a gray head but yellow face and chest. So you may be wondering, what do the hybrid warblers look like? The hybrids have a yellow hood and yellow chest!
Yellow-headed Warblers inhabit forests and wooded vegetation at all elevations, also scrubby thickets in semi-arid areas. They form small flocks when they are looking for food like insects and other invertebrates, mostly in understory, but also on the ground or in branches. During this time you may hear them making high-pitched buzzy notes tsi-tsi-tsi tsi-tsi, repeated many times.
Many other species of birds tag along with these bustling foraging flocks and often wait for the insects that escape from the Yellow-headed Warblers. They also benefit from the added protection of being alerted to the presence of lurking predators. It is common to see Cuban Vireos, La Sagra´s Flycatchers and Cuban Bullfinches, as well as migratory warblers like Black-and-White Warblers, Prairie Warblers, Worm-eating Warblers, and Northern Parulas joining the flock of Yellow-headed Warblers.
With spring, starting in March, the numbers of insects and bugs begin to increase! This is when the breeding season for the Yellow-headed Warbler starts and usually continues until July. It builds a cup-shaped nest of grasses, rootlets, and other plant fibers placed low or fairly low in a bush, vine, or sapling. Clutch size is 2 to 3 eggs, with egg-laying taking place from April to June.
Although the conservation status of the Yellow-headed Warbler is Least Concern, we need to monitor and protect this bird. Keep in mind that it is a restricted-range species, present only in western Cuba. It is therefore vulnerable to many threats, such as deforestation, pollution, and impacts from climate change, including severe drought, storms, and hurricanes. These threats could kill birds outright as well as damage their habitats, food sources and ability to breed successfully. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Ernesto Reyes Mouriño for the text!
Colour in the Yellow-headed Warbler
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Yellow-headed Warbler
The song of the Yellow-headed Warbler is series of raspy, high-pitched, buzzy notes.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: There are two warblers who both live in Cuba and look very much alike, but they’re not the same! Once is today’s endemic bird, the Yellow-headed Warbler, and the other is the Oriente Warbler. Both are mainly gray and yellow! In our activity of the day you need to look carefully at two photos and try to identify the Yellow-headed Warbler. Check the text above for some handy tips.
If you get stuck and feel like you need a bit of extra help then take a look on the second page of this activity. You will find some helpful hints to set you on the right track.
Thinks that you found the Yellow-headed Warbler? You can check if you are right on our answer sheet here. This activity is perfect to play with school groups or outdoor education clubs etc.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this delightful video of a Yellow-headed Warbler foraging in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Inagua Woodstar
This feisty Bahamian endemic hummingbird was formerly considered a subspecies of the Bahamas Woodstar. But the Inagua Woodstar was classified by the American Ornithological Society as a separate species in 2015. It is found only in Great and Little Inagua, two Islands in the southeastern part of The Bahamas archipelago. The Bahamas Woodstar, however, is found throughout the rest of the Bahamas. Additionally, both species differ from each other in morphology, coloration, vocalizations, and even courtship displays!
The male’s iridescent gorget (throat) of both species is a brilliant shade of purple, sometimes chartreuse (yellow-green) if the light catches it just right. But the Inagua Woodstar male may have patches of iridescence on its forehead and lores (area in front of the eyes). Furthermore, adult male Inagua Woodstars have a unique tail—it is slightly longer and more strongly forked than the Bahama Woodstar, and the outer feathers fan out in a unique lyre shape (think of a U-shaped harp).
Female Inagua Woodstars are much like female Bahama Woodstars—dull green on the back, rufous belly, and whitish upper breast and throat. As with most hummingbirds young males closely resemble females until they undergo their first adult molt at about 10 months of age. Young hummingbirds tend to rest on plant leaves instead of hovering when feeding on flowers.
The song of the Inagua Woodstar is quiet and simple, sounding like wet, squeaking shoes. Calls include a sharp, metallic “tit” or “tit-it”; often given in a series, sometimes quite rapidly. Males also make a metallic sound with their tail during display flights.
Woodstars can be found in nearly all habitats, including dune scrub, freshwater riparian areas, parks, and gardens. They visit flowers of numerous native plants including salvia, sages, various honeysuckles, red-bird cactus, aloe vera, Bougainvillea, Noni, and flame of the woods (Ixora) shrubs. The Geiger Trees, however, seem to be a magnet for many male Inagua Woodstars. Both sexes defend territories around favored nectar sources. Nests may be found anytime from September to June (and possibly year-round) with possible peaks in April-May and October. Nests are usually 3-7 feet off the ground in trees which offer evergreen foliage. In vegetated areas just off the beaches on the eastern side of the islands, nests may be found in various wild scrub plants, about 2-3 ft off the ground. All nests are approximately 2 inches and usually contain two eggs.If you hear the female making repeated calls as you enter a nesting area, she’s telling you “do not come any closer to my nest!” And we hope that you will take heed of of her disturbance warning.
The location of the birds on the islands is highly dependent on the weather in summer and fall, due to the direct influences of hurricanes and the amount of rainfall. While this species is presently common in the Inaguas, it is a restricted range species. It is therefore vulnerable to threats like severe storms and hurricanes, which could wipe out its population directly from the storm itself, or indirectly from destruction of its habitat and the loss of nectar food sources.
Wondering how you can get an up-close look of this endemic gem? Travel to Great Inagua in The Bahamas, where you will fly into Matthew Town, the one small settlement on the island. The locals are helpful with sharing recent sightings and are very willing to give you directions. Please contact these expert local birders/guides for more information: Tarra Lindo Lilninebig@hotmail.com or Casper Burrows Friendlytoursinagua@gmail.com
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Like all birds, the Inagua Woodstar and other hummingbirds like to bathe. But they won’t use a traditional birdbath. They prefer to take a shower in moving water- like from a mister, sprinkler. or dripper, or they use a much shallower source. They will even bathe in the water droplets that collect on leaves!
Why not make a hummingbird water dripper so that these lovely little birds can take a shower in your garden? If you have an empty juice bottle you can make this dripper. Other wildlife in your yard will also appreciate having some water!
To make the dripper you will need:
1 plastic jug or bottle, clean, empty and with labels removed
craft wire, twine, ribbon, strips of cloth
1 straight pin or fine-gauge needle
Scissors
Paint or markers (optional)
Be sure to have an adult on hand when using the needle and scissors!
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of an Inagua Woodstar feeding in the wild!
Want to know more about these beautiful endemic birds and other hummingbirds? Why not watch our webinar “Flying Jewels: A Photographic Journey of Select Hummingbird Species of the US and The Bahamas“. In it Ann Maddock shares fascinating information about hummingbirds, using stunning photos from her book of the same name! Ann and our friends from The Bahamas talk about the Cuban Emerald, Bahamas Woodstar, and Inagua Woodstar and how anyone can safely photograph hummingbirds, attract them to your yard, and keep them coming back! First shown as a live Webinar as part of BirdsCaribbean’s Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival 2021.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Jamaican Becard
In the forests and woodlands of Jamaica, you hear a loud and melodious Ricka-ticky-ti-tee and quickly begin searching the canopy of the large trees around you. There it is – the Jamaican Becard (Pachyramphus niger). This unmistakable call lends to one of its local names “Rickatee.” Usually perched scanning for prey, this small flycatcher-like bird is around 18 cm with a large square head and heavy black bill, large brown eyes, and a slightly forked tail.
Males are glossy black on the back and duller on the front. Females (and juveniles) are quite different—they have a bright rufous head, throat, wings, and tail, medium gray back, and pale gray underparts. In most instances, if you see one sex you’re sure to see the other. The Jamaican Becard is typically seen foraging in the mid to upper levels of the forest primarily feeding on insects and other small invertebrates, which it captures by hovering or gleaning from the leaves and branches of trees. They also eat small berries. Belonging to the family Tityridae, a group of Neotropical songbirds, the Jamaican Becard is unique. Of the 17 species of Becard (Pachyramphus spp), it is the only island endemic. The other 16 are found on the continental mainland ranging from Mexico through Central America and South America (only one species, the Rose-throated Becard, is resident in the US in southeastern sections of Arizona and Texas). A standout trait of the Jamaican Becard is its spectacular nest. It’s very large, up to 1.2 m in circumference, and made of sticks, leaves, grasses, ferns, vines, moss, and Tillandsia. The nest is draped and hung at the end of a slender branch high above the ground from a large tree. This gives rise to two of its other local names: “House bird” and “London City.” The female lays three eggs. The breeding season runs from March to June.
Jamaican Becards are clever birds too! The main entrance to the nest is usually at the bottom but there are often several false entrances to baffle predators. With such an attractive stockpile of materials, many other birds of varied species often steal material to make their nests, keeping the Becard couple busily remodeling or fending off the looters. Although fairly widespread across the island, Jamaican Becards are not found in dry limestone forests. With their ecology being dependent on fairly good canopy and large trees the Jamaican Becard is another species that highlights the importance of maintaining forest habitats with large trees in Jamaica.
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Jamaican Becard
The song of the Jamaican Becard is an an excited-sounding chatter of squeaky notes, often followed by a drawn out “tweeeee” note.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Today’s endemic bird, the Jamaican Becard lives in the forests of the mountains in Jamaica. This is where they will nest and attempt to raise their chicks. But it’s not always easy! Jamaican Becards, like many other birds, face many challenges during their breeding season. They must find a mate and build a nest. Then protect the nest and eggs. They must also feed their chicks so that they can grow into strong and healthy birds.
In our “Bird Survivor” game you can learn more about nesting birds and what birds need to do to successfully raise a bird family! Have you got what it takes?
For this activity you will need at least one adult to help organize the game; a large space (indoors or outside); the “Bird Survivor” game cards (provided with the full activity guide); and a group of adults and/ or kids to play the game! You can find out more in our activity introduction here. You can find all the information, instructions, a guide to learning outcomes and the “Bird Survivor” cards in our “Bird Survivor” activity guide and materials. This activity is perfect to play with school groups or outdoor education clubs etc.
Enjoy these videos of a female and a male Jamaican Becard in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Lesser Antillean Swift
As the name implies, this superb flying swift is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. It is generally fairly common, and at present the species is known to breed on the islands of Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent (St. Vincent and the Grenadines). eBird data also reports some observations in the Grenadines—Bequia and Union Island.
The Lesser Antillean Swift has a protruding head, a short square tail, and wings that bulge in the middle, cut in at the body, and hook at the end. At first glance it may look like a torpedo with wings whirling through the sky. But spend enough time observing the Lesser Antillean Swift and you will see its black-brown upperparts with a narrow gray rump-band; brown underparts and paler throat. In fact this swift, like many other swifts, spends most of its life on the wing using its speed and agility to catch flying insects. Even copulation occurs in flight!
The Lesser Antillean Swift can be found in a variety of habitats from high altitude pristine mountains to drier lowland savannas and cultivated areas. Highly gregarious, it is often found in flocks of 20-40 individuals. Its stubby dark-gray body and rapid, shallow wingbeats differentiate it from all swallows.
While it doesn’t decelerate often, it does slow down to nest. The breeding season is believed to span from May to July. The nest is built with a mixture of mud, saliva, and other materials the swifts catch in flight. Nests are cup-shaped and built within hollows, trees, caves, or on the sides of cliffs in mountainous areas. Clutch size is 2-3 eggs.
Although not considered a species of conservation concern, there is a serious lack of research and knowledge about this species, making it difficult to accurately assess the species’ status. It’s important to keep in mind that insectivorous birds have undergone some of the steepest declines across all avifauna, due in high part to the use of chemical pesticides applied at industrial scale. Deforestation is also likely to affect the species by reducing available nesting sites. It’s also important to note that basic natural history information on many Caribbean swifts, including this species, is limited, presenting low-hanging fruit for future research.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Colour in the Lesser Antillean Swift
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the call of the Lesser Antillean Swift
The calls of the Lesser Antillean Swift are a high, sharp twittering.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Lesser Antillean Swifts feed on insects, swooping through the air to catch them on the wing! Can you help this hungry Lesser Antillean Swift find its way through our maze to to grab some tasty insect food? You can find the correct route here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of Lesser Antillean Swifts in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager
Of all the endemic Hispaniolan birds, only one bears the title of being Haiti’s only endemic, and that is the lovely Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager. Found only in the western part of Haiti, it is counterpart to the more wide-spread Black-crowned Palm-Tanager, found throughout Hispaniola. This handsome bird is gray below with a gray crown and nape and yellow-green wings, back, and tail. Its black face mask contrasts sharply with broad white mustache stripes and three white spots around the eye, giving it a spectacled appearance and its common name of “four eyes” in Spanish and French, cuatro ojos or quatre-yeux.
The Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager can be distinguished from the similar Black-crowned Palm-Tanager, by, you guessed it, the namesake crown color. In addition, Gray-crowned Palm Tanagers have a white chin and gray throat, whereas the Black-crowned Palm Tanager has an entirely white throat.
But be wary of young Black-crowned Palm-Tanagers in the Sierra de Bahoruco population in the southwest of the Dominican Republic. These young birds will often have a black-gray mottled crown. So how else can we differentiate the two? Check the breast color, the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanagers not only have a gray crown but also a grayer breast, compared to the Black-crowned Palm-Tanager, whose breast is more grayish-white.
With these two birds being so similar, they’ve got to be related right? Correct – and actually it’s a pretty cool story also explaining a bit of the restricted range of the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager. These birds are found west of the Jacmel Depression, a strip of land running north-south that separates the Tiburon Peninsula from the rest of Hispaniola. During the Mid Pleistocene (circa 1 million years ago) the Jacmel Depression was so low, it was actually underwater, making the Massif de la Hotte mountain range on the Tiburon Peninsula effectively isolated from the rest of Hispaniola. This isolation is what allowed for the speciation of the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager. And it’s speculated that this geographic barrier led to the speciation of many other flora and fauna, much of which has yet to be described to science!
Though very range restricted, within the Tiburon Peninsula, the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager is actually fairly common, being found in forests from the coast up to 2,400m elevation. They have been found inhabiting mangrove forests, city parks, coastal scrub, agro-forestry plantations, pine forest, semi-humid forest, and humid forest. Though they are especially abundant in the Macaya Biosphere Reserve, a national park high up in the Massif de la Hotte mountains. Like their black-crowned counterpart, these birds are also generalists, feeding on ripe fruits and probing dead leaves for arthropods.
While the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager is considered common, especially in comparison to many other Haitian birds, they are still of conservation concern. Only 1.5% of Haiti’s original forest cover remains, and even this continues to face the threat of encroaching agriculture and charcoal production for cooking. Their small range and lack of any conservation enforcement means conserving what little remains of the Tiburon Peninsula should be a top conservation priority to ensure the survival of these unique birds as well as other species waiting to be discovered..Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Colour in the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the call of the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager
The call of the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager is a thin “Peee-u“.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: This activity is for everyone! The Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager is endemic to Haiti, part of the island of Hispaniola. It’s time to get creative and learn to draw two other beautiful endemic birds from Hispaniola. The similar looking Black-crowned Palm Tanager, who lives ‘next door’ in the Dominican Republic and another the Hispaniolan Lizard Cuckoo (found across Hispaniola). Grab some paper and your colouring pencils and get ready to draw along with artist Josmar Esteban Marquez!
Then, enjoy this video of a Gray-crowed Palm-Tanager in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Puerto Rican Flycatcher
The Puerto Rican Flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum) is a medium-sized tyrant flycatcher, endemic to the island of Puerto Rico. It can be inconspicuous, due to its dull brown plumage on its back and mostly grayish-white underparts, but the voice of this elegant bird can be heard from a distance. The Spanish name “Juí” is derived from its characteristic whistled “wheeeeee” call. It also produces other distinctive calls throughout the day, like the quick “tsee-ick” whistle and longer dawn song “whee-a-wit-whee.”
Flycatchers can glean for insects from a substrate, but they mainly catch them in the air, flying out from a perch. This hunting strategy, known as “sallying,” requires acute vision and rapid movements! Its preferred diet consists of insects, like wasps, crickets, and beetles. But it also consumes a small amount of vertebrate prey, including snails and small lizards, and a few seeds and fruits.
The reproductive season extends from February to July. It nests in natural tree cavities, some previously built by Puerto Rican Woodpeckers (Melanerpes portoricensis). They are also known to use artificial nest boxes. Breeding biology studies have found that Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) parasitize the nests of the Puerto Rican Flycatcher, thus decreasing their breeding success.
The species inhabits wooded areas, from coastal woodlands and mangroves at sea level to coffee plantations and mid-elevations montane forests. The species is not limited to the island of Puerto Rico; it is also found in the dry forests of the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, including St. John, Anegada, and Beef Island, although uncommon.
A long-term mist-netting study in Guánica State Forest in southern Puerto Rico, found a sharp decline in the flycatcher capture rate between 1989 and 2010. However, it is unknown if this trend extends island wide. For the moment, it is considered a species of Least Concern.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Adrianne Tossas for the text!
Colour in the Puerto Rican Flycatcher
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of the Puerto Rican Flycatcher
The calls of the Puerto Rican Flycatcher are a short “tsee-ick” and a plaintive whistle “wheeeeee.” It also has longer dawn song “whee-a-wit-whee.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Puerto Rican Flycatchers can be found in many different habitats including mangrove forests. Mangroves are important for so many of our endemic, resident and migratory birds. They are also home to many other animals and plants. On top of all this mangrove provide protection against storm damage and floods! Do you know where the mangroves are on your island? Why not find out and complete our Where Are My Mangroves? activity.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Puerto Rican Flycatcher carrying nesting material to its nest, in an old pipe!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Red-necked Parrot
Looking over the rainforests of Dominica, one may think that trees have learned to fly as large green objects take to the sky. But as if they have read our curious minds, the birds begin to speak, letting out loud, shrill “chur-lu-weeek” calls to let everyone know that it is indeed the Red-necked Parrot (Amazona arausiaca) moving over the island’s sweeping valleys.
Locally called the Jaco Parrot, these birds are one of two endemic parrot species found on the island of Dominica (Waitukubuli) with the only other Caribbean Island hosting two endemic parrots being Jamaica. What sets the Jaco apart from its cousin – the Imperial Parrot (Amazona imperialis) or Sisserou – is its bluish head, yellow tail band, and bright green body with a dash of orange-red on its upper chest and wings. When they take flight though, their blue underwing is revealed, almost as if to blend into the blue sky like they do when perched in the green rainforest.
Jaco Parrots feed mainly on seeds, nuts, and fruits of various forest and cultivated species, but are occasionally seen foraging on the young shoots of certain plants. They are as messy of an eater as they are loud with the forest floor littered with half-eaten fruits. It’s almost as if they are leaving a trail of breadcrumbs behind for the avid birder! One thing they certainly share with the Dominican people is their love for seeded fruits like citrus, guava, and passion fruit.
While the parrots are said to have an exceptional palate, their desire to forage on cultivated crops has created human-wildlife conflicts as they sometimes damage crops and thus a farmer’s harvest and income. However, the Jaco Parrot is listed as a specially protected bird in Dominica due to its cultural, economic, and ecological significance and its Vulnerable status on the IUCN Red List.
Despite the numerous disasters that have plagued Dominica’s forests and parrots in recent history, including hurricanes and poaching, the Jaco’s ability to lay four eggs and adapt to coastal and inland vegetation types have allowed their numbers to bounce back each time. Thanks to this, they can still be seen in flocks of up to 15 birds loudly calling over Dominica’s mountains as if to issue a daily reminder to their wildlife neighbors saying, “Hello, hello, I am still here!”
Thanks to Jeanelle Brisbane and Stephen Durand for the text!
Colour in the Red-necked Parrot
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of the Red-necked Parrot
The calls of the Red-necked Parrot include a shrill “chur-lu-weeek” with the final note louder and high-pitched, as well as “cureeek” call.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Red-necked Parrots love to eat fruits and seeds! Why not try making this passion fruit cup feeder? You can can fill it with seeds or pieces of fruit, and hang in your garden to keep the parrots well fed. Not in Dominica – the home of these beautiful endemic parrots? No problem, any parrots that live near you and many other types of wild birds, will love this feeder! Hang it up, fill it with food, and see who comes to visit for lunch.
Remember that this activity involves using scissors and knife, you will need an adult to help with making this.
Even if you don’t get any parrot visitors to you feeder you can enjoy this video of Red-necked Parrots in the wild! The video shows these beautiful parrots feeding on flowers.
Sadly the charismatic endemic parrots of Dominica have been subject to the controversial export of several individual birds after the 2017 hurricane season and the highly damaging passage of Hurricane Maria. You can read more details of what happened below, including links to a detailed investigation carried out by ‘The Guardian’ newspaper (UK).
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Ashy-faced Owl
The Ashy-faced Owl (Tyto glaucops) is endemic to the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic). It is a close relative of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), but it is much darker and smaller. Its adorable heart-shaped face is ash gray which gives rise to its common name.
It is easy to distinguish a night owl from a daytime owl by the color of its eyes. The Snowy Owl, the owl featured in “Harry Potter,” has yellow eyes and is a good example of a daytime owl. The Ashy-faced Owl has black eyes and is a night owl or nocturnal hunter. It feeds mostly on small mammals (rodents and bats), but its diet includes more than thirty species of birds, plus reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.
Although the Ashy-faced Owl is considered abundant on the island, and is not threatened (Least Concern) its population is considered to have declined since 1930. This is due to the destruction of its habitats and the scarcity of nesting cavities. It is also suspected that its close relative, the Barn Owl, may be competing with it for nesting sites. Unfortunately, owls are also persecuted and often killed because they are believed to be omens of death. This is a quite common, but unfounded superstitious belief in the Caribbean.
Ashy-faced Owls live in many types of habitats: open fields, both dry and wet forests, scrub, cave areas, agricultural plantations, palm plantations, and abandoned buildings, but they prefer dense wooded areas. Their calls consist of a harsh “shaaaaaa” sound that looks like a whistle and rapid clicks like those of insects.
They breed from January to June, nesting in natural cavities such as hollows in trees, in caves, in limestone cliffs, and in artificial places. They lay 3 to 4 white eggs. The eggs of birds nesting in dark cavities are almost always white, perhaps because in the dark they cannot be seen by predators. Only females incubate the eggs. Incubation lasts from 30 to 32 days.
Females are much larger and stronger than males—they weigh more than 500 grams, while males weigh between 300 and 350 grams. Therefore, in cases of “domestic disputes” between a nesting pair, the male is the most vulnerable. But there is an advantage to being smaller. Males, being smaller and more agile, hunt different prey from females. Their diet is more varied and this helps reduce competition for food between the sexes.
In captivity a pair with three chicks consumes on average a dozen mice per night, which proves their importance as biological controls. Perhaps whoever kills an owl should be condemned to eat twelve mice a day for several weeks! Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Simón Guerrero for the text!
Colour in the Ashy-faced Owl
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the calls of the Ashy-faced Owl
The calls Ashy-faced Owl are include a harsh and hissing “shaaaaaa” call as well as rapid, high-pitched clicks.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: How much do you know about the life-cycle of our featured bird the Ashy-face Owl? Why not test your knowledge and complete our “Life Cycle of an Owl” activity?
First spend some time learning about owls on the internet or at your school library. Then carefully cut the ‘missing’ images and paste in the correct order to complete this owl’s life cycle! Don’t forget to label each stage.
You can check your completed life cycle against the correct one, which can be found here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of an Ashy-faced Owl in the wild!
Find out more about the Ashy-faced Owl in the article from the Journal of Caribbean Ornithology, published in 2018. In this article, Curti et al. provide the first detailed description of an Ashy-faced Owl nest, providing vital information about the biology of this secretive species.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Fernandina’s Flicker
Walking in the Cuban countryside you may find an extraordinary bird, busy among the grass and leaves of the ground—the Fernandina’s Flicker! You may be wondering “on the ground?!” And rightly so! When we think about woodpeckers, we don’t expect to find them on the ground, but this is one of many ways that this woodpecker is unique.
Endemic to Cuba, the Fernandina’s Flicker (Colaptes fernandinae) is the largest woodpecker in the country, with an impressive size of 33-35cm (the Ivory Billed Woodpecker is larger, but sadly it may be extinct). Its plumage is mustard yellow with fine black barring that becomes thicker on the upperparts. Its head is cinnamon tan with fine barring from forehead to nape; the eye is dark brown, and it has a strong black beak. The male has a solid black stripe of feathers in the malar (cheek) region, this is absent in the female. It is the only woodpecker on the island that lacks red color.
Specially adapted to open vegetation ecosystems with few trees, the Fernandina’s Flicker prefers savannas with palms and open forest. The soil offers the main source of food, and our flicker does not hesitate to get some dirt on its beak! It excavates the ground or searches through the leaf litter for insects, larvae, ants, and any other juicy delicacies. It will also examine trunks and bark of trees for food.
As with all woodpeckers, they have very long tongues that they keep rolled around their skull. The tongue has a special tip, serrated, sharp, and really sticky, which they use to probe under bark and in holes to reach their meals. Locally they are called Ground or Dirty Woodpecker, and Ant-eater.
In the mornings and during the breeding season the Fernandina’s Flicker constantly repeats its unmistakable call “kía-kía-kía-kía-kía” and a long sputtering “kirrrrrrrrr.” They become very active and it is common to see them defending their territories and chasing each other. Sometimes pairs will perch on branches and trunks, raising their heads up and down in courtship while making their typical sound “flíck-flíck-flick.”
The breeding season is from February to June. They excavate cavities almost exclusively in palm trees and lay 4 to 5 white eggs. Sometimes they form loose colonies of a few pairs on palmettos, and even share palms with other cavity nesting birds like the Cuban Parakeet or Cuban endemic owls.
The Fernandina’s Flicker is one of the rarest woodpeckers in Cuba. Classified as Endangered by the IUCN, it is restricted to small areas and its population size is declining. Its presence strongly depends on the native Cuban palm savanna ecosystem, which has been reduced or lost due to causes such as cattle ranching, invasive species, and logging.
In addition, due to a scarcity of palm trees and consequently nesting sites, the flicker faces strong competition from the West Indian Woodpecker. The woodpecker is very territorial and will harass flicker parents, destroy their eggs, and take over their territories and nest sites. Thus, it is very important to preserve Cuba’s palm savanna habitats. This is the best way we can help this majestic woodpecker to continue soaring through the skies of the Cuban countryside.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Colour in the Fernandina’s Flicker
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the call of the Fernandina’s Flicker
The calls of the Fernandina’s Flicker include a loud and rhythmic “flick, flick, flick, flick…”and “kía-kía-kía-kía-kía” and a long sputtering “kirrrrrrrrr.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Our Caribbean Endemic birds are beautiful and fascinating – why not take inspiration from these birds and make you own ‘Zine’ to be included in our BirdsCaribbean Zine library?
What is a Zine? Zines (pronounced zeen) are simple, self-published booklets. They are an easy and fun way to share your ideas with the world. If you are passionate about something and want to make your voice heard, zines are a great way to do this!
For this year’s Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival why not create a zine based on our 2023 theme? Water: Sustaining Bird Life. We encourage you to do some research on your topic through online searches, reading books in the library, your own personal experience with the bird, and speaking with local experts. BirdsCaribbean will also feature an endemic bird each day on its website and social media accounts. You can find more information, suggested topics, a list of the materials you will need and ideas for the best way to create your Zine in our downloadable, detailed instruction sheet.
You can also take inspiration from this beautiful Zine all about today’s Endemic bird created by Arnaldo Toledo from Cuba. This was the winner of our Grand Prize for adults (ages 16 and older) of our 2021 Zine competition. “Apuntes de campo Carpintero Churroso” (Field Notes Fernandina’s Flicker).
See all the winners from 2021 and find links to more Caribbean endemic bird Zine here:
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy these videos of a Fernandina’s Flickers in the wild! You can see a female foraging on the ground; A male calling at a nest-hole and a male and female together at a nest-hole.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Scaly-breasted Thrasher
Some birders have a really hard time trying to find today’s bird, especially novice birders! The Scaly-breasted Thrasher is built like a thrush and looks a lot like it’s cousins, the Spectacled Thrush and Pearly-eyed Thrasher. This handsome bird belongs to the family “Mimidae” – which includes mockingbirds and thrashers.
Scaly-breasted Thashers might be considered by some to be a bit on the drab side. They have a dark gray-brown head, tail, and upper parts. This lack of “field marks” could put even an experienced birder in a frenzy. But look closely and you will see the scaly breast that give this bird its name really stands out, distinguishing it from other similar species! Scaly-breasted Thrashers also have a short dark bill, thin white wing bars, a hint of scarlet on the rump, and a yellow iris.
These thrashers can be found in the Lesser Antilles, from Anguilla all the way down to Grenada. They use a wide variety of habitats, from mangroves and coastal scrub to semi-open woodlands and humid forests. Scaly-breasted Thrashers are also commonly seen in and around human habitations on some islands. They love to forage high in the canopy in Dominica and Guadeloupe, but will be seen feeding much lower in Montserrat and St. Kitts.
These birds are not fussy and eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, fruits and berries, although they are thought to favour fruits. Their breeding season is in May to June, when they raise 2 to 3 chicks.
Scaly-breasted Thrashers sound similar to mockingbirds, but their voice is softer and slower…be sure to take a listen to for their beautiful warbling song. And listen out for the “dew-quip!” given often when foraging.
Scaly-breasted Thrashers are listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, but with habitat loss and land-use change they could become less common in the future. For example, birders in Grenada already find it hard to spot Scaly-breasted Thrashers. There is still a lot to learn about this Caribbean endemic and it’s important to make sure we protect its habitats to ensure its future is secure. Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Quincy Augustine for the text!
Colour in the Scaly-breasted Thrasher
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Scaly-breasted Thrasher
The song of the Scaly-breasted Thrasher is a series of high-pitched squeaks and lower-pitched whistles.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Do you know what the different parts of a bird are called? Knowing them can help you to learn how to describe and identify birds, as well as colour them in. Learn the names for the parts of a bird by checking out the diagram in this page.
Then test your knowledge on today’s endemic bird by matching the correct names to the correct ‘parts of a Scaly-breasted Thrasher’ and completing this sheet.
Want to check your answers? You can see where all the words matched up to here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Scaly-breasted Thrasher in the wild!
The Scaly-breasted Thrasher is endemic to much of the Lesser Antilles. If you want to find out more about the birds to be found across this group of islands we have good news for you, there is an amazing guide to birds of the Lesser Antilles now available! This field guide allows readers to easily identify all the birds they could possibly find, from Anguilla in the north of the chain down to Grenada in the south. Find out more here:
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Martinique Oriole
Orioles in the Lesser Antilles have black heads and necks, but not the Martinique Oriole! It stands out from the others by having a dark cinnamon hood. Its underparts, rump, and epaulets (shoulders) are a burnt-orange, and wings, back, and tail are black. Looking at the base of the lower bill you will notice that it is actually pale bluish-gray in color. Sexes are alike but the female is a bit duller.
Even though it is brightly colored the Martinique Oriole is still easy to miss. This is because it spends its time foraging in the canopy above for insects, flowers, and fruits. Additionally it has a restricted distribution on the island. Its main habitats include mangroves, dry forest on limestone soils, humid forest, gardens and tree plantations below 700m. Listen out for its song of clear whistles and soft warbles as well as harsh, scolding calls “cheeu.”
Breeding generally occurs from February to July, but has been reported in December too. They weave palm fibers into a shallow pendant basket nest usually 2–4 m above the ground. The nest is attached or stitched to the underside of a large leaf of tree, e.g., seagrape or trumpet tree, to a palm frond, or to the leaf of banana or Heliconia plant. Clutch size is 2–3 eggs that are white to pale bluish with brown spots and blotches. The incubation period lasts a minimum of 14 days. Both male and female feed the chicks and defend the nest.
Its restricted distribution, as well as population decline, have been attributed to brood parasitism by the Shiny Cowbird and deforestation. The Shiny Cowbird will lay her eggs in the nests of other birds and let the other mother bird, in this case the Martinique Oriole, do all of the hard work of incubating and rearing the young cowbirds.
The Martinique Oriole is considered Vulnerable with a decreasing trend in population size and small global range. However, a recent decrease in cowbird numbers has allowed a slight recovery. The species will also benefit from the protection of its preferred habitats from being destroyed and replaced by agriculture, housing, resorts and other businesses.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Colour in the Martinique Oriole
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Martinique Oriole
The song of the Martinique Oriole is a series of clear whistles.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: Can you find the words in our Martinique Oriole word search? Remind yourself of some of the interesting facts about this endemic bird as you look for all 15 hidden words! Remember the words appear forwards and backwards, as well as horizontal, vertical and diagonal! Need some help? Or want to check your answers? You can see where all the words were here.
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Martinique Oriole in the wild!
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life,” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo
Old Man Bird, as the local admirers call it, is a stunning bird endemic to Jamaica. This large cuckoo stands at 48cm (19in) and is distinguished by its thick, dark gray decurved bill, creamy white throat fading into pale gray on the breast, and contrasting chestnut belly and underparts. Its broad, long, dark gray tail is tipped with large white spots, while its legs are gray.
The Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo (Coccyzus pluvialis) is found in moist woodland, wooded cultivation, or open thickets in the hills and mountains of Jamaica. During the winter, it descends to lower elevations but is only found near the coast in the wettest places. It runs along branches like a large rat or sails silently on extended wings from one tree to another.
The Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo feeds on lizards, mice, insects, caterpillars, nestlings, and eggs.
Even though the Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo is known for its hoarse quak-quak-quak-ak-ak-ak-ak-ak call, which is most frequently heard from April to June, it makes a very quiet landing in trees. Its nesting period is from March to June, and the nest is an untidy platform made of sticks in the middle or upper canopy of tall mature trees.
While the Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo is fairly common and widespread in Jamaica, it is still important to conserve this species due to threats such as habitat loss, predation by non-native invasive animals, and climate change. To help conserve this bird, individuals can support organizations that protect and restore bird habitats, advocate for conservation policies, and participate in citizen science programs that monitor bird populations.
Overall, the Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo is a unique and fascinating bird that adds to Jamaica’s rich biodiversity. Its distinctive appearance, behavior, and call make it a remarkable species worth observing and protecting.
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the call of the Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo
The call of the Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo is a low, growling “aahhhh” or long “quah-quah-aahh-aahh-aahh-aahh-aahh.”
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS: This year our theme for the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life.” We want to highlight the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds.
We often see birds flying, preening, and feeding, but rarely do we see them drinking water. This does not mean that water is not important to birds.
Birds need water just as much as we do. Drinking water helps them regulate body processes like digestion. Water also keeps birds clean and cool on hot days when they take a splish-splash in a puddle, gutter, or backyard bird bath. Many birds also rely on wetland habitats, such as our ponds, salinas, marshes, mangroves, rivers, and coastal waters.
In our activity you can create your own poster to show how important water is to birds. Draw in the various ways birds use water!
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: Enjoy this video of a Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo up high in a tree.
The Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo is endemic to Jamaica – it is one of many birds that can only be found on this Caribbean island and nowhere else in the world! Discover more about the endemic birds of Jamaica in our blog article about the launching of a new poster featuring beautiful illustrations of all these special birds. You will also find a link to download a pdf of this lovely poster.
Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2023 is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life” highlighting the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy nature with your family at home.
Endemic Bird of the Day: Bahama Mockingbird
In The Bahamas, when we hear the “trashers” singing, we know spring is upon us. Their rich soulful song is very pleasing to the ears of birders and nature lovers alike. But, there is more to love about these amazing birds than just their song! Here are some fascinating facts about the Bahama Mockingbird.
The Bahama Mockingbird is slightly larger than its Northern Mockingbird cousin and lacks the large white patches on the wings. It has grayish brown plumage with streaks on its sides and a thin white band on the base of its tail feathers. Females are slightly smaller and have a shorter tail. Juveniles have more densely spotted underparts. Their song is rich and melodious, though not as varied as the Northern Mockingbird. Bahamians locally refer to both species as “Trashers.”
The Bahama Mockingbird, Mimus gundlachii, was named after the German Ornithologist Johannes Christoph Gundlach who spent most of his working life in Cuba (1810-1896). If you’re wondering why the Bahama Mockingbird was named after a German ornithologist living in Cuba, that’s because this bird is not just endemic to The Bahamas.
Their current distribution is mainly in the Lucayan Archipelago (The Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands), the Camagüey Archipelagoof Cuba (Cayo Coco Cays) and a small area in Southern Jamaica. Historically, this species was also found in Puerto Rico. Genetically, the Bahama Mockingbird is more closely related to Galapagos Mockingbirds than the Northern Mockingbird. But, Bahama and Northern Mockingbirds do sometimes inter-breed!
In The Bahamas, the Bahama Mockingbird is found throughout the archipelago but appears to have its highest concentration in the central Bahamas, especially on Cat Island. Throughout its range, it prefers arid areas and is found in dry forests and scrub habitats. Unlike its northern cousin, it is mainly found in intact native habitats and tends to avoid urban areas.
Bahama Mockingbirds are omnivorous; this means they feed on arthropods, small vertebrates, and fruit. They forage mostly on the ground, sifting through leaf litter and turning small stones with their bills.
Like the Northern Mockingbird, the Bahama Mockingbird builds a cup-shaped nest out of twigs and plant fibers. Both male and female participate in nest building. Clutch size is between 2-3 creamy to pinkish-white eggs with reddish brown speckles. Both parents raise the chicks. Nests are usually located between 0.5m and 4.5m off the ground but they will sometimes even build their nest on the ground.
Whilst not a threatened species, the Bahama Mockingbird has a restricted range, making it highly susceptible to habitat loss caused by climate change and unsustainable development. In The Bahamas the population may be declining due to competition with the Northern Mockingbird for resources like food and nesting sites.Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here.
Thanks to Scott Johnson for the text!
Colour in the Bahama Mockingbird
Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Listen to the song of the Bahama Mockingbird
The song of the Bahama Mocking bird is a series of phrases, each repeated several times.
Puzzle of the Day
Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!
Activity of the Day
FOR KIDS AND ADULTS: With lots more Caribbean endemic birds to enjoy and colour in during the coming weeks take a look at our colouring-in guide. This will give you some hints and tips on how to make your endemic birds look even more beautiful! Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest
Enjoy this video of a Bahama Mockingbird foraging in the wild!
If you want to find out more about our conservation work and BirdsCaribbean’s bird banding program you an read all about our bird banding workshop – which was held in the Bahamas in 2022.
Get ready to embrace the color of springtime and honor the Caribbean’s finest and most unique birds with us during the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) 2023!
The festival begins on April 22nd (Earth Day) and runs through to May 22nd (International Biodiversity Day).
This regional event happens across the Caribbean every year and highlights and celebrates the amazing birds that live only in the Caribbean—their natural history, threats, and how we can help reduce these threats.
This year the theme for the festival is “Water: Sustaining Bird Life.”
We are using the same “water” theme as World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) for our CEBF to unify our messages about the importance of water conservation to both humans and birds. (note: we will celebrate WMBD in the Caribbean with this theme in the fall).
Birds need water too!
We often see birds flying, preening, and feeding, but rarely do we see them drinking water. This does not mean that water is not important to birds.
In fact, birds need water just as much as we do. Drinking water helps them regulate body processes like digestion. Water also keeps birds clean and cool on hot days when they take a splish-splash in a puddle, gutter, or backyard bird bath.
Many birds also rely on wetland habitats, such as our ponds, salinas, marshes, mangroves, rivers, and coastal waters. With growing human populations and relentless development, there are growing demands for water and continued destruction of our remaining wetlands.
Pollution, erosion, and prolonged droughts are also directly impacting the quantity and quality of water resources and habitats available for our birds.
This CEBF join us in spreading the message that water conservation is vital for all life on earth, including birds!
More iconic endemic birds to be featured for Endemic Bird of the Day!
The CEBF team has been busy preparing for another stellar line-up for Endemic Bird of the Day! Follow this page during the festival as we share 25 new species! It’s a bit of a struggle for us to not reveal this year’s selected species just yet, but we can tell you this: expect beautiful bird artwork by the talented Josmar Marquez who will once again create our coloring pages. These will be accompanied by natural history information, range maps, puzzles, photos, videos, and activities, all designed to stimulate curiosity, creativity, and enjoyment for both adults and children.
Be sure to follow BirdsCaribbean on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to keep up to date with our ‘birds of the day’ and to find out about webinars and activities during the festival.
In addition to these online activities our amazing CEBF island coordinators and educators will be celebrating with festivities on their respective islands through in-person events. Birdwatching trips, presentations, arts and crafts, bird fairs, habitat clean-ups, and “birdscaping” of home gardens, schools and parks with native plants are just a handful of the events that will take place across the region this year.
We encourage you to get in touch with your local conservation organizations to find out what events are taking place near you, this includes forestry departments too! You can also get together with your friends and family, or community groups and plan your own event. We have lots of activities on our website and YouTube: quizzes, ‘Learn to Sketch’ and origami tutorials, bug hunts, upcycled crafts, outdoor games, and many more that you can do in small or large groups.
Don’t forget to tag us in your photos and videos @birdscaribbean with #CEBF #FromTheNest #WaterSustainingBirdlife
CEBF Small Grants – Apply Now
BirdsCaribbean will once again offer small grants to help cover some CEBF expenses. To apply, send a short proposal via this form, no later than 10 April, 2023. Remember to include in your budget any in-kind funding you can offer: such as volunteer staff time, other materials, etc. You may also send your proposal to CEBF Co-Coordinators: Eduardo Llegus (CEBF@BirdsCaribbean.org) & Aliya Hosein (Aliya.Hosein@BirdsCaribbean.org), and Lisa Sorenson (Lisa.Sorenson@BirdsCaribbean.org) with the subject line: CEBF Small Grant Proposal 2023. Please contact Eduardo Llegus if you have any questions or doubts about this. We are looking forward to hearing about the many exciting activities you will be organizing this year.
We call on people of all ages to join us for this year’s Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival as we celebrate the diversity and endemism of bird species in the region and come together to raise awareness and nurture environmental stewardship.
You can use our beautiful graphics to promote your events for the CEBF – use them as they are (click in each image then right click and choose ‘save as’) or follow the links to use access a Canva template and add you own logos and information!
Simón Guerrero, is a lecturer at Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (Autonomous University of Santo Domingo) and long-standing member of BirdsCaribbean. Below he shares his remarkable experiences birding with the National Board of the Blind in Santiago and how they celebrated the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival this past June.
The idea of introducing blind people to birds through song occurred to me in the early nineties when I attended a bird monitoring course sponsored by the US Forest Service in La Amistad International Park, a cross-border park created by the governments of Costa Rica and Panama. Among the attendees of the workshop were prominent American ornithologists such as C. J. Ralph and Greg Butcher. One of the course instructors was incredibly good at identifying birds by song. His ability to recognize a bird just by listening to a couple of notes was impressive.
Upon witnessing such skill, I commented to him, with some irony, “But the work you do could be done by a blind person!”
“It could be,” was his short reply.
From that moment, I began to consider the possibility of organizing a bird workshop for the blind using bird song as a basis for identification. As soon as I returned to Santo Domingo, I met with the National Board for the Blind to make arrangements to give a talk on several Dominican birds that live in urban areas, since these species were most accessible to our intended participants.
Putting ideas into action
I have been teaching since I was 18 years old and thought I had already experienced the vast range of rewarding experiences offered by this profession. But I never would have imagined anything like this. I had never seen the level of enthusiasm or interest in learning as that shown by the blind children. What impressed me most was that every time they heard the song of the bird whose song they were familiar with they would exclaim, “Oh, the Mockingbird!” as though they were experienced ornithologists and those birds were part of their daily routine.
As a child I learned to produce a cooing sound by cupping my hands together, and blowing through this hollow space, allowing me to imitate with relative fidelity the songs of the three most common doves in the city of Santo Domingo: Common Ground Dove, Mourning Dove, and White-winged Dove. When the blind children learned how I was able to reproduce these calls they were dazzled. They asked me to teach them to use their hands to imitate bird calls too. I was a little unprepared, because it was my first time teaching blind students and the truth is that I was not trained in their learning techniques. They forgave my clumsiness and tried to help me. They lined up and took turns touching my hands while I imitated the song of the doves. It was an indescribable experience! It certainly made me feel needed and useful as a teacher.
Celebrating Caribbean endemic birds and their songs
For this year’s Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival, my team and I scheduled several activities with the goal of highlighting the fascinating lives of birds, including those that can only be found in the Dominican Republic. We created several small wildlife refuges where birds and other wildlife could find food and shelter in the city. We also installed artificial nests specifically for endemic species, like the Hispaniolan Parakeet, that nest in cavities. But the most rewarding activity was with participants from the National Board of the Blind.
During the first event, when we met with the Board of Trustees, we played audio recordings of the songs of several of our native and endemic birds so that those taking part could identify the birds by their calls. It was unclear who was more impressed, the participants or me. The possibility of identifying birds by song and learning about their behavior was more exciting than they expected. In addition to their enthusiasm and interest in the subject, I was surprised by how much they knew about wildlife and a wide variety of ecological and conservation issues. One of the participants shared with me that she was a fan of nature documentaries and that she listened to them frequently. Vianny, one of the most enthusiastic participants, suggested creating a WhatsApp group named “Cuidemos las Aves” (Let’s take care of birds) and asked my permission to record the meeting to share on her YouTube channel.
Mingling bird songs with music
For the second event, we went to the University Campus to bird by ear. We used the audio recordings again to encourage the natural song of the wild birds that live in the city and attract those that may be too shy to come into the open. We were also treated to a violin concert performed by Luis Alfredo Morales, one of the members of the Board of Trustees. Luis spent a year studying music at the University of Missouri in America. It was a fantastic event for both students and teachers. Following this, we planted a native bush (Hamelia patens) in the university garden. This plant attracts hummingbirds and many other birds. Gabino Ortiz, one of the participants, asked me for a bush so that he, too, could attract birds to his home garden.
The third and last activity- another bird by ear, was held at the Botanical Garden of Santiago in collaboration with the Board of Trustees for Santiago (the second largest city in the Dominican Republic) and members of the Education Department of the Botanical Garden. We worked with about twenty participants in a much more favorable habitat with a great variety of birds. Members of the Education Department played an active role from conception to execution. They took the opportunity to explain to the participants the objectives of the institution and the services it provides to the community.
I am excited to share that another event, which will take place in Bonao, has already been planned. Also, the Board of Trustees has let us know that they will repeat this birding activity at its headquarters across the country!
Loving birds is human nature
The reaction of the participants made me realize, in retrospect, that the theme of this year’s Festival, “Loving Birds is Human Nature,” is not simply a beautiful phrase.
It asserts the notion that human beings certainly have the innate ability to cherish and respect these fascinating creatures!
Bird activities are an inexpensive and enriching pastime that can be done at any age and help to increase the self-esteem of those who practice it. It is a fun way to learn and make friends while contributing to conserving valuable species that only exist on our island. It is encouraging to know that the National Board for The Blind plans to include this activity with the birds in its regular program of activities. The conservation of endemic birds is a citizen’s duty, but it is, at the same time, a right that assists all people, with no one excluded. Initiating the blind into birdwatching and conservation activities is a meaningful and relevant inclusion.
It is the first time that blind people have participated in this Festival in the DR, and I hope it will not be the last. I hope that this initiative will be adopted by the 20+ countries in which the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival is celebrated every year.
Learning bird songs and calls can be fun and rewarding as well as helping with your bird identification. Here are the calls of some of the birds participants in Simón’s events might have heard for you to enjoy!
Hispaniolan Parakeet:
Northern Mockingbird:
Mourning Dove:
White-winged Dove:
You can find out more about BirdsCaribbean’s Endemic Bird Festival here:
And find out more about Caribbean Endemic Birds in our From the Nest series of blog posts, celebrating our Endemic Birds with fascinating facts, puzzles and fun activities.